Presence of Enniatins and Beauvericin in Romanian Wheat Samples: From Raw Material to Products for Direct Human Consumption

6533b82bfe1ef96bd128d935

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Presence of Enniatins and Beauvericin in Romanian Wheat Samples: From Raw Material to Products for Direct Human Consumption

Cristina Juan Felicia Loghin Oana Stanciu Jordi Mañes Doina Miere

subject

Fusarium Daily intake Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis organic Flour Population emerging mycotoxins lcsh:Medicine Food Contamination Raw material Toxicology Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences Article chemistry.chemical_compound 0404 agricultural biotechnology Fusarium Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry Depsipeptides Humans Food science LC-MS/MS education Mycotoxin Triticum estimated daily intake conventional cereals education.field_of_study wheat products biology Romania 010401 analytical chemistry lcsh:R food and beverages Bread 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Mycotoxins biology.organism_classification 040401 food science Beauvericin 0104 chemical sciences emerging mycotoxins; LC-MS/MS; cereals; organic; conventional; wheat products; estimated daily intake chemistry Agronomy Environmental Monitoring Food contaminant

description

In this study, a total of 244 wheat and wheat-based products collected from Romania were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in order to evaluate the presence of four enniatins (ENs; i.e., ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) and beauvericin (BEA). For the wheat samples, the influence of agricultural practices was assessed, whereas the results for the wheat-based products were used to calculate the estimated daily intake of emerging mycotoxins through wheat consumption for the Romanian population. ENB presented the highest incidence (41% in wheat and 32% in wheat-based products), with its maximum levels of 815 μg kg−1 and 170 μg kg−1 in wheat and wheat-based products, respectively. The correlation between the concentrations of ENB and ENB1 in wheat grain samples and farm practices (organic or conventional) was confirmed statistically (p < 0.05). This is the first study that provides comprehensive information about the influence of agricultural practice on emerging Fusarium mycotoxin presence in Romanian wheat samples and the estimated daily intake of ENs and BEA present in wheat-based products for human consumption commercialized in Romania.

year	journal	country	edition	language
2017-06-01	Toxins

10.3390/toxins9060189 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/6/189