6533b82dfe1ef96bd1290b20

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Update on intravitreal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapies for ocular disorders

Laura Monje-fernandezJ. Fernando ArevaloManuel Díaz-llopisLihteh WuRosa Dolz-marcoPablo Hernández-martínezRoberto Gallego-pinazoIsabel Pascual-camps

subject

musculoskeletal diseasesOncologymedicine.medical_specialtyPathologygenetic structuresBevacizumabReviewCertolizumabEtanerceptEtanerceptIntravitreal injectionInternal medicineOcular disordersmedicineAdalimumabskin and connective tissue diseasesTumor necrosis factor alphabusiness.industryAdalimumabMacular degenerationmedicine.diseaseInfliximabeye diseasesGolimumabInfliximabOphthalmologyInfectious DiseasesTumor necrosis factor alphasense organsbusinessmedicine.drug

description

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with a variety of ocular diseases. The currently available TNF-? inhibitors are etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab. Experimental and clinical studies on the intravitreal use of these agents have been reported with etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab: etanercept has shown limited efficacy in scarce reports; infliximab has been associated with local safety concerns but appears to benefit certain cases; adalimumab has shown no efficacy in cases of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic macular edema (DME), but the combination with bevacizumab may be effective in refractory cases of macular diseases. Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in order to be able to obtain a more robust conclusion on the use of intravitreal TNF-? inhibitors.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2014-10-01Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12348-014-0026-8