6533b830fe1ef96bd1297a86

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Origin of modern syphilis and emergence of a pandemic Treponema pallidum cluster

Lorenzo GiacaniLinda GrillováPaul R. GrantDavid ŠMajsAlexander HerbigAntonio Luis López MartínezPatrick FrenchLenka MikalováMichal StrouhalHomayoun C. BagheriNatasha AroraDenise KühnertKirsten I. BosSteven J. NorrisMarcelo Rodríguez FermepinArturo Centurion-laraPhilipp P. BosshardMaría A. PandoKay NieseltAlexander SeitzJohannes KrauseSylvia M. BruistenVerena J. SchuenemannLucía Gallo VauletLeonor Sánchez-busóLeonor Sánchez-busóPeter KomerickiGünter JägerAlexander PeltzerLeyla R. DavisFernando González-candelas

subject

0301 basic medicineMicrobiologia340 LawCiencias de la SaludAzithromycinGlobal HealthBacterisApplied Microbiology and Biotechnology2726 Microbiology (medical)1307 Cell BiologyGenotypePandemicPhylogenyMolecular EpidemiologyTreponemaPhylogenetic treebiology2404 Microbiology10177 Dermatology ClinicTREPONEMA PALLIDUM10218 Institute of Legal MedicineAnti-Bacterial Agents3. Good health590 Animals (Zoology)//purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https]ORIGIN OF SYPHILISMalalties de transmissió sexualDNA BacterialMicrobiology (medical)CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUDGenotypeImmunology610 Medicine & healthMicrobiologyEvolution Molecular//purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https]10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies03 medical and health sciences1311 GeneticsPhylogeneticsDrug Resistance BacterialGeneticsmedicine2402 Applied Microbiology and BiotechnologyHumansSyphilisTreponema pallidumPandemics2403 ImmunologyMolecular epidemiologyGenetic VariationSequence Analysis DNACell Biologymedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologyEnfermedades Infecciosas030104 developmental biologyInfectious disease (medical specialty)570 Life sciences; biologySyphilisGenome Bacterial

description

The abrupt onslaught of the syphilis pandemic that started in the late fifteenth century established this devastating infectious disease as one of the most feared in human history1 . Surprisingly, despite the availability of effective antibiotic treatment since the mid-twentieth century, this bacterial infection, which is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), has been re-emerging globally in the last few decades with an estimated 10.6 million cases in 2008 (ref. 2). Although resistance to penicillin has not yet been identified, an increasing number of strains fail to respond to the secondline antibiotic azithromycin3. Little is known about the genetic patterns in current infections or the evolutionary origins of the disease due to the low quantities of treponemal DNA in clinical samples and difficulties in cultivating the pathogen4. Here, we used DNA capture and whole-genome sequencing to successfully interrogate genome-wide variation from syphilis patient specimens, combined with laboratory samples of TPA and two other subspecies. Phylogenetic comparisons based on the sequenced genomes indicate that the TPA strains examined share a common ancestor after the fifteenth century, within the early modern era. Moreover, most contemporary strains are azithromycin-resistant and are members of a globally dominant cluster, named here as SS14-Ω. The cluster diversified from a common ancestor in the mid-twentieth century subsequent to the discovery of antibiotics. Its recent phylogenetic divergence and global presence point to the emergence of a pandemic strain cluster. Fil: Arora, Natasha. Universitat Zurich; Suiza Fil: Schuenemann, Verena J.. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Institute For Archaeological Sciences.; Alemania Fil: Jäger, Hünter. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemania Fil: Peltzer, Alexander. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemania Fil: Seitz, Alexander. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemania Fil: Herbig, Alexander. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemania Fil: Strouhal, Michal. Masaryk University; República Checa Fil: Grillová, Linda. Masaryk University; República Checa Fil: Sánchez Busó, Leonor. Universidad de Valencia; España. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido Fil: Kühnert, Denise. Universitat Zurich; Suiza Fil: Bos, Kirsten I.. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Institute For Archaeological Sciences.; Alemania Fil: Davis Rivero, Leyla. Universitat Zurich; Suiza Fil: Mikalová, Lenka. Masaryk University; República Checa Fil: Bruisten, Sylvia. Public Health Laboratory. Department of Infectious Diseases; Países Bajos Fil: Komericki, Peter. Medical University of Graz; Austria Fil: French, Patrick. The Mortimer Market Centre ; Reino Unido Fil: Grant, Paul R.. University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Pando, María de los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Gallo Vaulet, Maria Lucia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez Fermepin, Marcelo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina Fil: Martinez, Antonio. Hospital General Universitario de Valencia; España Fil: Lara, Arturo Centurión. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Giacani, Lorenzo. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Norris, Steven J.. UTHealth McGovern Medical School. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Estados Unidos Fil: Smajs, David. Masaryk University; República Checa Fil: Bosshard, Philipp P.. Universitat Zurich; Suiza Fil: González Candelas, Fernando. Universidad de Valencia; España Fil: Nieselt, Kay. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemania Fil: Krause, Johannes. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemania Fil: Bagheri, Homayoun C.. Universitat Zurich; Suiza

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2016-11-01
https://fundanet.fisabio.san.gva.es/publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=1579