6533b837fe1ef96bd12a3391

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

Maurizio GorgoniLaura PalaginiLino NobiliLino NobiliGiulio Alessandro BonettiDario ArnaldiFrancesco FanfullaLuigi Ferini-strambiGiuseppe PlazziEnrica BonanniMaria R. BonsignoreAnastasia MangiarugaRaffaele FerriC. CastronovoSergio GarbarinoMichelangelo MaestriAlessandro SilvaniSerena ScarpelliValentina AlfonsiMonica PulighedduRaffaele ManniBiancamaria GuarnieriClaudio ViciniLuigi De Gennaro

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stress depressionCOVID-19 pandemic; Depression; Pre-sleep arousal; Sleep quality; Stress.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Pre sleep arousalStreSocio-culturaleCOVID-19 pandemicSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioStressArousalCOVID-19 pandemic; Depression; Pre-sleep arousal; Sleep quality; Stress; Arousal; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Sleep; Sleep Quality; Surveys and Questionnaires; COVID-19; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSurveys and QuestionnairesSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersInsomniamedicineHumansSurveys and QuestionnairePandemicsPre-sleep arousalDepression (differential diagnoses)Sleep qualityPandemicbusiness.industryDepressionSARS-CoV-2COVID-19CognitionGeneral MedicineSleep qualitySleep in non-human animalsCOVID-19 pandemic; sleep quality; pre-sleep arousal; stress depressionCommunicable Disease ControlOriginal Articlemedicine.symptombusinessArousalSleepClinical psychologyHuman

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Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected daily habits and psychological wellbeing, and many studies point to large modifications in several sleep and sleep-related domains. Nevertheless, pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic has been substantially overlooked. Since hyperarousal represents one of the main factors for the development and the perpetuation of chronic insomnia disorder, the assessment of variables associated with high levels of pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic is clinically relevant. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of perceived sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal in an Italian sample during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods We used an online survey to collect self-reported sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related data. Our final sample included 761 participants. Results Beyond a high frequency of poor sleep quality, depressive and stress symptoms, our results show that almost half of the sample suffered from clinically relevant levels of at least one component (ie, cognitive, somatic) of pre-sleep arousal. Subjects with greater pre-sleep arousal exhibited poorer sleep quality. Also, sleep quality was strongly associated with somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal. Regarding the predictors of sleep and sleep-related measures, depressive and event-related stress symptoms were the main factors associated with both poor sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal components. Moreover, specific sociodemographic and environmental variables were uniquely related to sleep quality, cognitive or somatic pre-sleep arousal. Conclusions These findings suggest that the assessment of specific sleep-related factors (ie, pre-sleep arousal), together with more global measures of sleep quality, may be crucial to depict the complex impact of the pandemic on sleep, and to help prevent and counteract the spread of insomnia symptoms.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2021-01-01
10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.006https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1270931