6533b853fe1ef96bd12ace0c
RESEARCH PRODUCT
Gradual caldera collapse at Bardarbunga volcano, Iceland, regulated by lateral magma outflow
Thórdís HögnadóttirMartin HenschVincent DrouinAmy DonovanMartin P. J. SchöpferAlessandro AiuppaJoaquín M. C. BelartTayo Van BoeckelMelissa Anne PfefferAndrew HooperSebastian HeimannEnikő BaliBenedikt G. ÓFeigssonSæmundur A. HalldórssonGro PedersenMorten S. RiishuusStéphanie DumontMagnús T. GudmundssonFreysteinn SigmundssonSigurdur JakobssonOlgeir SigmarssonOlgeir SigmarssonTorsten DahmPáll EinarssonFinnur PálssonThomas R. WalterGunnar B. GudmundssonSigrún HreinsdóttirKristín JónsdóttirMike BurtonMichelle ParksGudmundur H. GudfinnssonGuðfinna AðalgeirsdóttirSimone CescaBaldur BergssonEoghan P. HolohanBjörn OddssonMatthew J. RobertsMarco BagnardiKristján JónassonVala HjörleifsdóttirSara BarsottiKristín VogfjördHildur M. FridriksdottirHildur M. FridriksdottirTobias DürigAlexander H. JaroschEyjólfur MagnússonKarsten SpaansHannah I. Reynoldssubject
EldgosLateral eruption010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesLavaÖskjugosHraunrennsli010502 geochemistry & geophysics01 natural sciences[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/GeochemistryCalderaComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS0105 earth and related environmental sciencesgeographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryMultidisciplinaryGlacier DynamicsResurgent domeMedicine (all)Complex volcanoLateral Magma Flow16. Peace & justiceCaldera collapseDense-rock equivalentBárðarbungaVolcano13. Climate actionEruptionMagmaGeologySeismologydescription
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption.We usemultiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-square kilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014–2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, near exponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day- long eruption.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-07-14 |