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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Sialic acid (N-acetyl and N-glycolylneuraminic acid) and ganglioside in whey protein concentrates and infant formulae

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Abstract Sialic acid and gangliosides content and profiles were analyzed in infant formulae, whey protein concentrates and human milk. In infant formulae, N-acetylneuraminic (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic (Neu5Gc) acid ranged from 147.6–199.7 to 3.3–8.3 mg L −1 , in whey protein concentrate from 1.6–2.4 g 100 g −1 to 2.8–20.2 mg 100 g −1 and in human milk from 299.9 to 2.1 mg L −1 . Gangliosides ranged from 0.25 to 2.29 mg lipid-bound sialic acid L −1 in reconstituted infant formula, the main gangliosides being GD 3 (73.3–55.5%), GM 3 (3.5–36.6%) and GT 3 (1.4–14.1%) and O-acetyl-GD 3 (5.3–18.9%). In whey protein concentrates, 0.7–55.6 mg lipid-bound sialic acid 100 g −1 were found with the profile 82.1–86.9% GD 3 and 1.8–2.5% GM 3 . Human milk gave 2 mg lipid-bound sialic acid L −1 , with the profile 97.4% GM 3 and 2.5% GD 3 . Intakes of sialic acid and gangliosides are lower with infant formulae versus human milk, especially during the first stages of life.