6533b872fe1ef96bd12d3997
RESEARCH PRODUCT
Different Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Asymptomatic, Mild, and Severe Cases
Rita CarsettiRita CarsettiSalvatore ZaffinaSalvatore ZaffinaEva Piano MortariSara TerreriFrancesco CorrenteClaudia CapponiPatrizia PalombaMattia MirabellaSimona CascioliPaolo PalangeIlaria CuccaroCinzia MilitoAlimuddin ZumlaAlimuddin ZumlaMarkus MaeurerMarkus MaeurerVincenzo CamisaVincenzo CamisaMaria Rosaria VinciMaria Rosaria VinciAnnapaola SantoroAnnapaola SantoroEleonora CiminiLuisa MarchioniEmanuele NicastriFabrizio PalmieriChiara AgratiGiuseppe IppolitoOttavia PorzioOttavia PorzioCarlo ConcatoAndrea Onetti-mudaMassimiliano RaponiConcetta QuintarelliConcetta QuintarelliIsabella QuintiFranco LocatelliFranco Locatellisubject
0301 basic medicineAdultMalelcsh:Immunologic diseases. AllergyImmunologyInflammationDiseaseAdaptive Immunitymedicine.disease_causeAntibodies ViralAsymptomaticSeverity of Illness IndexSerology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systeminnate and adaptiveimmune responsemedicineHumansImmunology and AllergyantibodiesNK cellOriginal ResearchCoronavirusB cellsbiologybusiness.industrySARS-CoV-2MonocyteSettore BIO/12COVID-19antibodies; B cells; COVID-19; innate and adaptiveimmune response; monocytes; NK cell; SARS-CoV-2Acquired immune systemImmunity InnateImmunoglobulin AKiller Cells Natural030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structureImmunoglobulin MSettore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA030220 oncology & carcinogenesisImmunologybiology.proteinFemalemedicine.symptomAntibodybusinesslcsh:RC581-607monocytesdescription
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, not encountered before by humans. The wide spectrum of clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 illness suggests that individual immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 play a crucial role in determining the clinical course after first infection. Immunological studies have focussed on patients with moderate to severe disease, demonstrating excessive inflammation in tissues and organ damage. We have studied the individual response to SARS-CoV-2 of asympromatic, mild and severe COVID-19 patients in order to investigate the role of innnate and adaptive immunity in determining the clinical course after first infection. Methods To understand the basis of the protective immune response in COVID-19, we performed a longitudinal follow-up analysis of innate and adaptive immunity in 64 adults with a spectrum of clinical presentations: (28 healthy SARS-CoV-2-negative contacts of COVID-19 cases; 20 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected cases; 8 patients with mild COVID-19 disease and 8 cases of severe COVID-19 disease). Results Our data show that high frequency of NK cells and early and transient increase of specific IgA and, to a lower extent, IgG are associated to asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, monocyte expansion and high and persistent levels of IgA and IgG, produced relatively late in the course of the infection, characterize severe disease. Modest increase of monocytes and rapidly declining antibodies are detected in mild COVID-19. Conclusions The importance of innate NK cells and the short-lived antibody response of asymptomatic individuals and patients with mild disease suggest that only severe COVID-19 may result in protective memory established by the adaptive immune response. Summary The ratio between monocytes and NK may represent a prognostic marker of disease development in COVID-19. Individuals with asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection have a high frequency of NK cells associated to a transient IgA response to the infection
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-12-16 |