Search results for " Administration"

In vitro evaluation of glycol chitosan based formulations as oral delivery systems for efflux pump inhibition.

2017

Recently, we have reported that glycol chitosan (GCS) was able to reverse the P- glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of two GCS-based dosage forms (aqueous solution or nanoparticle suspension) for oral administration of the P-gp substrate Rho-123. A further aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the glycol chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine thiomer (GCS-TBA) on P-gp activity considering that the corresponding thiomer of chitosan series is a well-known P-gp inhibitor. Pre-treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayer with a GCS solution or GCS-based nanoparticles increased the absorptive transport of Rho-123 across the monolayer of 1.…

Systematic review: the presenting international normalised ratio (INR) as a predictor of outcome in patients with upper nonvariceal gastrointestinal …

2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 1010–1018 Summary Background  The prognostic value of an elevated international normalised ratio (INR) as part of initial risk stratification in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) remains poorly characterised. Aim  To assess the usefulness of the initial INR in patients with NVUGIB. Method  After a systematic review, we included the presenting INR and other validated prognosticators in multivariable models predicting rebleeding and mortality. Data are reported as odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results  Only two of 769 candidate studies were useful, but reported disparate, highly selected NVUGIB patients with varying threshold init…

Germinal center B cells govern their own fate via antibody feedback

2013

High-affinity antibodies reenter germinal centers (GCs) and limit antigen access, thus causing sustained directional evolution in GCs toward higher-affinity antibody production.

Sleep Induction by Intranasal Application of Melatonin

1981

The sleep inducing potency of melatonin was tested in a double-blind study against placebo. The application form was a nasal spray with a 0.85% solution of melatonin in ethanol. 70% of the subjects fell asleep after treatment with the hormone.

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-a lactation-promoting agent?

1991

Objective— To study the lactational and hormonal responses to nasal administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in puerperal women with inadequate lactation. Design— Prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Subjects— 19 puerperal women with inadequate lactation (<50% of normal milk yield) on the 5th day postpartum. Interventions— 10 women were allocated to receive TRH administered by a nasal spray of 1 mg, four times daily, between suckling episodes, for 10 consecutive days starting on day 6 postpartum. Nine women were allocated to receive placebo sprays. Main outcome measures— Daily milk yield, serum levels of prolactin and thyroid hormones. Results— Before …

L'institutionnalisation de l'éthique dans la gouvernance de l'entreprise.

2007

Creating and Governing Cultural Heritage in the European Union

2020

Creating and Governing Cultural Heritage in the European Union: The European Heritage Label provides an interdisciplinary examination of the ways in which European cultural heritage is created, communicated, and governed via the new European Heritage Label scheme. Drawing on ethnographic field research conducted across ten countries at sites that have been awarded with the European Heritage Label, the authors of the book approach heritage as an entangled social, spatial, temporal, discursive, narrative, performative, and embodied process. Recognising that heritage is inherently political and used by diverse actors as a tool for re-imagining communities, identities, and borders, and for gene…

The role of digital mediation devices in the satisfaction of art museum audiences

2019

The effects of «self-service technologies» (SST) (Curran and Meuter 2005) on the value and satisfaction of service experience (Lin and Hsieh 2007; Mencarelli and Rivière 2014; Meuter et al. 2003) have been little studied in the arts and culture field. The research explores the effects of the use of a digital mediation device on the museum experience and on the overall satisfaction of the public. The results of the analysis of 916 questionnaires collected from visitors to the Louvre Lens museum show that the use of a digital mediation device during the museum visit experience does not significantly impact overall public satisfaction with the visit.

Gratuité et Processus de Prise de Décision dans le Domaine Culturel : le Cas des Musées et des Monuments

2006

La gratuité est le caractère de ce qui est gratuit, c'est-à-dire de ce « qui se donne pour rien ».Il est intéressant d'observer que lorsque les individus évoquent le choix d'une visite gratuitede musée et de monument, comparativement à la visite payante, ils se positionnentrégulièrement comme des consommateurs qui expriment des préférences, évaluent desalternatives, traitent des informations et manifestent des intentions de consommation. Dèslors, il convient d'analyser, dans notre recherche, le processus de prise de décision del'individu en tant que consommateur de la visite culturelle. Dans une première partie, nousdévelopperons ainsi les effets de la gratuité sur le processus de prise de …

Internal Audit and External Audit Cooperation in EU Countries

2017

There is no common requirement guiding the approaches taken by the European Union (EU) public sector internal audit cooperation with external audit. Relations between these audit systems have developed over time. There are countries with mandatory regulations of internal and external audit cooperation, in some cases cooperation bases on initiatives, to facilitate the auditing process and avoid duplication of work. The aim of this research is to compare the Latvian public administration internal audit and external audit cooperation approach with approaches of the European countries and evaluate each country’s internal audit relation with external audit. The methodology includes a comparative…