Search results for " Behavioral"
showing 10 items of 561 documents
The relationship between genetic risk variants with brain structure and function in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of genetic-neuroimaging stu…
2017
Genetic-neuroimaging paradigms could provide insights regarding the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Nevertheless, findings have been inconsistent across studies. A systematic review of gene-imaging studies involving individuals with BD was conducted across electronic major databases from inception until January 9th, 2017. Forty-four studies met eligibility criteria (N = 2122 BD participants). Twenty-six gene variants were investigated across candidate gene studies and 4 studies used a genome-wide association approach. Replicated evidence (i.e. in >2 studies) suggests that individuals with BD carrying the BDNF Val66Met risk allele could have reduced hippocampal volumes compared …
Interventions aimed at reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in people with autism spectrum disorder: A review
2021
espanolEl trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por deficits en la comunicacion e interaccion social y por comportamientos restrictivos y repetitivos. Presenta una elevada comorbilidad con otros trastornos, de hasta un 37% con el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) en pacientes jovenes. El TOC se caracteriza por pensamientos e ideas recurrentes que llevan a la persona a realizar acciones compulsivas para disminuir el nivel de ansiedad que estos pensamientos le generan. Este trabajo presenta una revision de los metodos psicologicos de intervencion utilizados, asi como de la efectividad de los mismos, en la reduccion de los sintomas del TOC com…
Attempt to Construct a Scale for the Measurement of the Effect of Suggestion on Perception1
1975
A scale based on experimental methods has been prepared for measuring the effects of indirect suggestion upon perception. Three categories are included: (1) distorting the interpretation of presented stimuli, (2) inducing sense-impressions in the absence of adequate stimuli, and (3) producing insensitivity to stimuli that are objectively present. Test situations were designed for tactual, auditory, and visual perception. The scale was tested on a sample of 112 students from the 11th and 12th grades of a large city high school (58 girls and 54 boys). Most of the item intercorrelations were positive and many significantly so. Eliminating the 9 lowest items of 21 left 12 for a reduced matrix,…
Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): a prediction error signal in the visual modality
2015
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8
Unveiling the boost in the sandwich priming technique.
2021
The masked priming technique (which compares #####-house-HOUSE vs. #####-fight-HOUSE) is the gold-standard tool to examine the initial moments of word processing. Lupker and Davis showed that adding a pre-prime identical to the target produced greater priming effects in the sandwich technique (which compares #####-HOUSE-house-HOUSE vs #####-HOUSE-fight-HOUSE). While there is consensus that the sandwich technique magnifies the size of priming effects relative to the standard procedure, the mechanisms underlying this boost are not well understood (i.e., does it reflect quantitative or qualitative changes?). To fully characterise the sandwich technique, we compared the sandwich and standard t…
Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2017
Whilst obesity is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, the influence of weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight people is equivocal. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies evaluating the influence of voluntary weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight individuals. Articles were acquired from a systematic search of major databases from inception till 01/2016. A random effect meta-analysis of weight loss interventions (diet, physical activity, bariatric surgery) on different cognitive domains (memory, attention, executive functions, language and motor speed) was conducted. Twenty studies (13 long…
Psychological Contract Violation or Basic Need Frustration? Psychological Mechanisms Behind the Effects of Workplace Bullying
2021
Workplace bullying is a phenomenon that can have serious detrimental effects on health, work-related attitudes, and the behavior of the target. Particularly, workplace bullying exposure has been linked to lower level of general well-being, job satisfaction, vigor, and performance and higher level of burnout, workplace deviance, and turnover intentions. However, the psychological mechanisms behind these relations are still not well-understood. Drawing on psychological contract and self-determination theory (SDT), we hypothesized that perceptions of contract violation and the frustration of basic needs mediate the relationship between workplace bullying exposure and well-being, attitudinal, a…
Modelling analysis of centroid curves of olfactory habituation in humans
2020
Indexation en cours.; International audience; Previously published experiments established the time-course of olfactory habituation in humans, and extracted 3 centroid curves from clustering analysis that reflected high, middle and low habituation. The aim of the current theoretical study was to further analyse these previous experimental data by developing a mathematical modelling analysis designed for fitting the 3 curves from a general equation. After adjusting equation parameters for each curve, fitting equation outcomes on experimental data yielded high correlation coefficients of 0.9997 – 0.9995 – 0.9962, respectively. A model-based interpretation of olfactory-habituation centroid cur…
Modèle global et paramétrable, pour la gestion des foules d'agents en animation comportementale
2011
The realism of crowd behavioral animation is based on one hand on a rendering of graphic scenes generated by the application, and on the other hand on the realism of the behavior. This is last point which is our object of study. The realism of crowds' behavior is essentially global (macroscopic realism). It must respect the required statistical characteristics of the crowd (density, dispersal, speed…) similar to those of a real crowd. The realism is also local (microscopic realism), i.e. agents should ideally behave like humans or human groups taken as reference, at least in the focus of the considered application. The aim of our research is to propose a generic model to perform crowd behav…
Taking action or thinking about it? : State orientation and rumination are correlated in athletes
2019
Athletic performance in competitive sports relies heavily on the ability to cope effectively with stressful situations. In contrast, some athletes report that their thoughts revolve around the future or past and not around the actual demands during competitions. In those specific stressful situations, the lack of focus like an unintended fixation on repetitive cognitions can have fatal consequences with regard to the performance. Especially when competitors are close in their athletic capabilities, differences in effectively coping with stress and mental stability may decide about winning and losing. One established factor of performing effectively under pressure is the individual tendency …