Search results for " Bias"
showing 10 items of 437 documents
Droit et gouvernance:l'apport du courant comportemental
2010
Under the dominant approach to corporate governance, the role of law is to help reduce the impact of conflicts of interest and intentional strategic behavior of the different actors, including managers. The managers' decisions that are detrimental to shareholders and other stakeholders do not all have their origin in an intentional behavior. Some of them result of misjudgment, cognitive and behavioral biases. Based on Behavioral Law and Economics, which has expanded greatly in the United States, the objective of the paper is to show that the role of law within the corporate governance system is also to contribute to "debias" managerial decisions or correct any adverse effects of these biase…
Titanium plate removal in orthognathic surgery: prevalence, causes and risk factors. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
2020
The purpose of this review was to analyse the prevalence of titanium plate removal in orthognathic surgery, as well as the causes of plate removal, and to determine the associated risk factors. A thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted. The inclusion criteria were studies of adult patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in which monocortical titanium plates and screws were placed. Of the 325 references identified, 19 were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Overall, 13.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.6-18.3%) of the patients required the removal of at least one titanium plate; 9.7% (95% CI 6.3-14.6%) of the plates…
Correcting for the study bias associated with protein-protein interaction measurements reveals differences between protein degree distributions from …
2015
Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks are associated with multiple types of biases partly rooted in technical limitations of the experimental techniques. Another source of bias are the different frequencies with which proteins have been studied for interaction partners. It is generally believed that proteins with a large number of interaction partners tend to be essential, evolutionarily conserved, and involved in disease. It has been repeatedly reported that proteins driving tumor formation have a higher number of PPI partners. However, it has been noticed before that the degree distribution of PPI networks is biased toward disease proteins, which tend to have been studied more often …
Use of DIAGNOdent and VistaProof in diagnostic of Pre-Cavitated Caries Lesions—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2019
Objective: To analyse the published evidence of the validity of DIAGNDOdent and VistaProof in diagnosing carious depths in pre-cavitated lesions. Material and methods: A systematic review was carried out after identifying a total of 184 articles, including 27 concerning the qualitative review and a subsequent meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results: For DIAGNOdent, the sensitivity value was 0.77, the specificity value was 0.75 and AUC was 0.81 for the global meta-analyses. In relation to subgroups, the values estimated 0.85, 0.76 and 0.86, respectively, for the in vivo group and 0.71, 0.75 and 0.83 for the in vitro group. For VistaProof, s…
Financial Aspects of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature
2020
Recently, there has been significant interest in understanding the cost-effectiveness of treatments in spine surgery as health care systems in the United States move toward value-based care and alternative payment models. Previous studies have shown comparable outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy fusion; however, there is a lack of consensus on the cost-effectiveness of CDA to support full adoption. Evidence of the limitations of these cost-analysis studies also exists in the literature, including industry funding, potential selection bias, and varying methods of calculating value. The goal of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the co…
Behavioral Restriction Determines Left Attentional Bias: Preliminary Evidences From COVID-19 Lockdown
2021
International audience; During the COVID-19 lockdown, individuals were forced to remain at home, hence severely limiting the interaction within environmental stimuli, reducing the cognitive load placed on spatial competences. The effects of the behavioral restriction on cognition have been little examined. The present study is aimed at analyzing the effects of lockdown on executive function prominently involved in adapting behavior to new environmental demands. We analyze non-verbal fluency abilities, as indirectly providing a measure of cognitive flexibility to react to spatial changes. Sixteen students (mean age 20.75; SD 1.34), evaluated before the start of the lockdown (T1) in a battery…
Etude du coaching d’un directeur de recherche de l’INRAE. Soutenu publiquement le 9 janvier 2023. Diplôme d’Université « Coaching & Management ». Par…
2023
The world of public research seems at first sight to be very little concerned by themanagement issues of the business world in which the right decisions must be taken and forwhich there is an obligation to perform. The very idea of coaching researchers seemsincongruous. The purpose of this study is to challenge this idea, by describing precisely whatthe profession of researcher is in the world of public research - their belonging to very complexstructures and the demanding challenges they have to face - then by studying thecontributions of cognitive-behavioural coaching methodologies. The analysis of the practiceshows that coaching based on constructivist psychology can lead to a better pra…
The role of the happiness philosophy and core self-evaluations in defining job satisfaction as seen by the self and the significant other
2015
Bieżący artykuł bada źródła satysfakcji z pracy. Wieloźródłowe badanie zostało przeprowadzone w dwóch formach: jako kwestionariusz online ( n =642) i jako kwestionariusz papierowy ( n =635). Żeby ujednoznacznić pomiar zmiennej zależnej (zadowolenie z pracy), wykorzystano dwa źródła jej pomiaru: samoocena badanej osoby oraz ocena przez ważną inną osobę. Wyniki pokazują, iż ocena przez bliską osobę może być wartościowym źródłem informacji o samoocenie badanej osoby. Dodat - kowo w ramach hierarchicznej analizy regresji wykazano, iż obie formy filozofii szczęścia: eudaimo - nizm i hedonizm pozwalają na przewidywanie satysfakcji z pracy ponad przewidywanie oparte o pod - stawowe samowartościowa…
Factors Associated with Decisions for Initial Dosing, Up-Titration of Propiverine and Treatment Outcomes in Overactive Bladder Syndrome Patients in a…
2021
Two doses of propiverine ER (30 and 45 mg/d) are available for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. We have explored factors associated with the initial dosing choice (allocation bias), the decision to adapt dosing (escalation bias) and how dosing relative to other factors affects treatment outcomes. Data from two non-interventional studies of 1335 and 745 OAB patients, respectively, receiving treatment with propiverine, were analyzed post-hoc. Multivariate analysis was applied to identify factors associated with dosing decisions and treatment outcomes. Several parameters were associated with dose choice, escalation to higher dose or treatment outcomes, but only few exhibited…
Goals and guesses as reference points: a field experiment on student performance
2022
In this paper, we study overconfidence and goal-setting in academic performance, with and without monetary incentives. Students enrolled in a microeconomics course were offered the possibility of setting their own target grade before taking part in the final exam. They were also asked to guess their grade immediately after they had taken the exam (“post-diction”). In general, students overestimated their performance, both at the goal-setting and at the post-diction stages. Controlling for several sources of this bias (cognitive abilities, academic record and self-reported academic confidence), we find that the use of monetary rewards mitigates the overestimation of potential achievements an…