Search results for " Cognitive"

Direct Experience While Eating in a Sample With Eating Disorders and Obesity

2018

Background: Individuals with eating disorders might be characterized by lower levels of direct engagement with the eating experience. This study aims to explore similarities and differences in direct experience while eating in four different weight conditions and healthy controls (HCs): anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS), and obesity (OB). Methods: A total sample of 143 women were recruited. Participants were asked to eat an orange slice and write down 10 things about the experience of eating, classifying the focus of these thoughts as either experiential (“direct experience”) or analytical (“thinking about”). A direct experience in…

The sensory and nutritional experience of parents guide offsprings' feeding behavior

2016

Le comportement alimentaire est régulé par des facteurs physiologiques intrinsèques et est largement influencé par l’environnement culturel. Une prise alimentaire excessive et un mode de vie trop sédentaire sont les principales raisons de l’épidémie mondiale d’obésité. Si l’influence du contexte familial sur les habitudes alimentaires ne fait aucun doute, le fait que l’état nutritionnel, métabolique et hormonal des parents avant la conception, puis de la mère pendant la gestation et l’allaitement puisse influencer le comportement alimentaire futur de l’enfant est un concept novateur qui ouvre la voie à des mesures de prévention. Au cours des dernières décennies, des travaux sur des cohortes…

The best way to assess visually induced motion sickness in a fixed-base driving simulator

2017

Abstract Objective Driving simulator usage is becoming more widespread, yet many users still experience substantial motion sickness-like symptoms induced by optical flow, called visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). The Fast Motion sickness Scale (FMS) allows for continuous on-line assessment of VIMS. Using mixed models for ordinal data, this study investigated how to optimally analyze FMS data, and then used the resulting models to examine the development of symptoms over time in detail. Additionally, the study explored the impact of specific VIMS-inducing road elements. Methods Twenty-eight healthy young adults without prior simulator experience completed six courses on two days in a f…

Eating chocolate, smelling perfume or watching video advertisement: Does it make any difference on emotional states measured at home using facial exp…

2019

Type d'article : méthodologie, recherche et revue.; International audience; The recording of facial expressions allows for implicit measurement of emotional states over time. The present study investigated whether these recordings can be acquired, using computer webcams, when testing products at home. Three types of product spaces (chocolates, perfumes and video advertisements) were evaluated at home by 44 subjects using a facial expression measurement protocol. Each product space was composed of three products. The first objective examined the feasibility of such a home-based protocol. The second objective investigated whether several products in the same product space could be characteriz…

L'enfant face aux aliments: d'avant-goûts en préférences en programmations

2008

Understanding the placebo effect from an evolutionary perspective

2013

Abstract A placebo is a treatment which is not effective through its direct action on the body, but works because of its effect on the patient's beliefs. From an evolutionary perspective, it is initially puzzling why, if people are capable of recovering, they need a placebo to do so. Based on an argument put forward by Humphrey [Great expectations: the evolutionary psychology of faith-healing and the placebo effect. In: Humphrey, N (2002). The mind made flesh. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 255–285], we present simple mathematical models of the placebo effect that involve a trade-off between the costs and benefits of allocating resources to a current problem. These models show why the eff…

CD36, un sérieux jalon sur la piste du goût du gras

2006

Cet article ne possède pas de résumé.

Defining sensory descriptors: towards writing rules based on terminology

2007

International audience; Descriptive analysis relies upon the use of sensory descriptors. They are words generally associated to a definition aimed at helping their understanding. However, the writing rules for such definitions remain implicit. The present work is a collaborative attempt from sensory analysts and linguists to get further insight into how definitions are elaborated.Definition formulations were analyzed according to linguistic criteria, syntactic (type and number of nouns, verbs and adjectives) as well as semantic ones (relations of synonymy, metaphor or analogy between the descriptors and their definitions). Such a linguistic analysis was performed on one hundred descriptor d…

Le goût sucré, de l’enfance… à la dépendance ?

2013

Summary: Can one talk about addiction to sugar? Sugar is an important part of our diet, and an important source of pleasure, as of a young age. The definition of addiction involves that addictive substances act on the reward circuit, and lead to two symptoms, withdrawal and tolerance. Is it the case with sugar? According to the literature, brain activations in regions involved in the reward circuit are observed in response to “sugar”, and they differ according to the type of sugar (caloric carbohydrates, sweet or not; sweeteners). Besides, withdrawal and tolerance symptoms are not well characterized: food cravings often concern sweet foods, but there is a decrease with age of the preference…

Changing Behavior : A Theory- and Evidence-Based Approach

2020

Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have sparked interest in governments and organizations to develop effective interventions to promote behavior change. The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. The handbook incorporates theory- and evidence-based approaches to behavior change with chapters from leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, and impl…