Search results for " Comparative"
showing 10 items of 657 documents
Does Subjective Rating Reflect Behavioural Coding? Personality in 2 Month-Old Dog Puppies: An Open-Field Test and Adjective-Based Questionnaire
2016
A number of studies have recently investigated personality traits in non-human species, with the dog gaining popularity as a subject species for research in this area. Recent research has shown the consistency of personality traits across both context and time for adult dogs, both when using questionnaire based methods of investigation and behavioural analyses of the dogs' behaviour. However, only a few studies have assessed the correspondence between these two methods, with results varying considerably across studies. Furthermore, most studies have focused on adult dogs, despite the fact that an understanding of personality traits in young puppies may be important for research focusing on …
Hippocampal theta-band activity and trace eyeblink conditioning in rabbits.
2009
The authors examined the relationship between hippocampal theta activity and trace eyeblink conditioning. Hippocampal electrophysiological local field potentials were recorded before, during, and after conditioning or explicitly unpaired training sessions in adult male New Zealand White rabbits. As expected, a high relative power of theta activity (theta ratio) in the hippocampus predicted faster acquisition of the conditioned response during trace conditioning but, contrary to previous results obtained using the delay paradigm, only in the initial stage of learning. The presentation of the conditioned stimulus overall elicited an increase in the hippocampal theta ratio. The theta ratio dec…
A feasibility study of application and potential effects of a single session transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on competitive anxiety, m…
2020
Objective : To examine feasibility and potential effects of a single session tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on competitive anxiety, mood state, and autonomic and endocrine stress responses in elite archer athletes under a real world competition. Methods : Twelve male elite archers volunteered to participate in this pilot trial. Participants were randomized in order to take left anodal DLPFC, left cathodal DLPFC, or sham stimulation (the F3 or F4 areas according to the 10/20 EEG International System) in a within-subject study design. This study included three official competitions. About 45 min before the competition, the tDCS stimulation process was started and the par…
Endogenous oxytocin is essential for the buffering effects of pair housing against the increase in cocaine reward induced by social stress.
2019
Social factors have a dual influence on addictive disorders. While social defeat stress in rodents increases the response to drug reward, positive social conditions, such as pair housing, increase stress resilience. The objective of the present study was to confirm whether oxytocin (OT) mediates this social buffering. To this end, male mice were housed in pairs and administered the OT receptor antagonist atosiban prior to each stress episode or for ten days after the stress protocol. The response to cocaine was assessed using a conditioned place preference paradigm. Our results confirmed that OT activity mediates the protective effect of pair housing and highlights its therapeutic potential.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomographic colonography for the detection of advanced neoplasia in individuals at increased risk of colorectal cance…
2009
CONTEXT: Computed tomographic (CT) colonography has been recognized as an alternative for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average-risk individuals, but less information is available on its performance in individuals at increased risk of CRC. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of CT colonography in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of CRC using unblinded colonoscopy as the reference standard. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Individuals at increased risk of CRC due to either family history of advanced neoplasia in first-degree relatives, personal history of colorectal adenomas, or positiv…
Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: a comparative analysis
2012
As in most countries worldwide, Sub-Saharan African countries are striving to build their human capital so they can compete for jobs and investments in an increasingly globalized world. In this region, which includes the largest number of countries that have not yet attained universal primary schooling, the ambitions and aspirations of Sub-Saharan African countries and their youth far exceed this basic goal. Over the past 20 years, educational levels have risen sharply across Sub-Saharan Africa. Already hard at work to provide places in primary schools for all children, most countries of the region are also rapidly expanding access to secondary and tertiary levels of education. Alongside th…
Corporate Governance Configurations and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Audit Committee and Board cha…
2020
[EN] Drawing on the complexity theory and responding to the recent calls to use such creative methods that mix between a quantitative and qualitative approach. Therefore, this study fills the literature gap, adding novelties, showing evidence from the unexplored (or underexplored) European context and, consequently, shedding light to inconclusive results in previous research concerning the effect of audit committee (AC) and board characteristics on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure by applying a novel research methodology: the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. The data were collected from Eikon database for a sample of the top 69 non¿financial European companies (ba…
Chutzpadik advertising and its effectiveness: Four studies of agencies and audiences
2021
Abstract The creation of advertisements that attract immediate attention and simultaneously provoke thoughts and stimulate ongoing discussions is challenging. Hence, advertisers increasingly use Chutzpadik advertising, which we define as “radical advertising messaging that purposefully transgresses social norms and proscribed topics”. We conduct four studies to identify the dimensions and evaluate the effectiveness of Chutzpadik advertising. The first two studies involve interviews with 12 managers of advertising agencies and 22 members of the Israeli general public (audience members). The interviews reveal Chutzpadik advertising’s dimensions are norm violation, novelty, and audacity. In tw…
Exploring the viability of equity crowdfunding as a fundraising instrument: A configurational analysis of contingency factors that lead to crowdfundi…
2020
Abstract With the growth in the use of crowdfunding platforms for fundraising, analysis of the key factors associated with successful crowdfunding has emerged as an interesting and oft-researched topic. Nonetheless, the equity crowdfunding market is still relatively under researched. The purpose of this paper is to explore how contingency factors combine and causally connect in leading to possible success or failure in equity crowdfunding rounds. To reach this goal, a configurational approach was chosen. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a suitable method for this topic because of its ability to identify and assess different combinations of conditions that explain certain outcomes. …
Work-life management for workforce maintenance: A qualitative comparative study
2020
Abstract Nowadays, owing to the changing nature of the work environment, with its ever-increasing demands, the quality of working life and its relationship with the individual’s wellbeing are recognized worldwide as vital for the workforce. This study analyzes the role of employees’ perception of five quality of working life attributes (specifically workplace conditions, working life autonomy, corporate citizenship, remuneration, and workplace diversity and inclusion) in ensuring the individual’s wellbeing focusing in particular on workers’ perception of work-life balance, working life opportunities, and health and wellness. The results of the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis reve…