Search results for " Delayed"
showing 10 items of 205 documents
Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure increases hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants
2015
Background Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is a worldwide health problem and it is considered a risk factor for pregnant women’s and children’s health, particularly for respiratory morbidity during the first year of life. Few significant birth cohort studies on the effect of prenatal TSE via passive and active maternal smoking on the development of severe bronchiolitis in early childhood have been carried out worldwide. Methods From November 2009 to December 2012, newborns born at ≥33 weeks of gestational age (wGA) were recruited in a longitudinal multi-center cohort study in Italy to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal TSE, among other risk factors, on bronchiolitis hospitalizat…
What drives inhaler prescription for asthma patients? Results from a real-life retrospective analysis
2020
Abstract Background The choice of inhaler device for asthma patients depends upon multiple attributes. We investigated factors that may drive general practitioners (GPs) and respiratory specialists in the prescription of inhaler devices for asthma patients who initiated inhalation therapy. Methods We retrospectively analysed prescriptions by GPs and respiratory specialists to asthma patients commencing inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist combination therapy available as both pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Patient characteristics were compared by device and multivariate analysis was used to model the likelihood of receiving a pMDI as oppos…
Smoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: A review of current evidence
2014
Asthma is a common chronic multifactorial disease that affects >300 million people worldwide. Outdoor and indoor pollution exposure has been associated with respiratory health effects in adults and children. Smoking still represents a huge public health problem and millions of children suffer the detrimental effects of passive smoke exposure. This study was designed to review the current evidences on exposure to passive smoke as a risk factor for asthma onset in childhood. A review of the most recent studies on this topic was undertaken to provide evidence about the magnitude of the effect of passive smoking on the risk of incidence of asthma in children. The effects of passive smoking are …
Exposure to video display terminals and risk of small-for-gestational-age birth
2010
In this study, the authors analyzed the association between video display terminal (VDT) use before and during the three trimesters of pregnancy and risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth in a case-control study. The cases for this study were 555 women who delivered SGA births. The controls were 1966 women who gave birth at term to healthy infants of normal weight. In terms of the length of exposure, the odds ratios (OR) of SGA birth were 1.2 for less than one hour and 1.3 for between two and 20 hours per week. For higher usage (more than 20 hours per week), the OR was 1.2 (95% CI: [Confidence Interval] 0.9-1.7). The authors conclude that this study does not show any association betw…
Ramadan Exposure In Utero and Child Mortality in Burkina Faso: Analysis of a Population-Based Cohort Including 41,025 Children.
2017
Ramadan exposure in utero can be regarded as a natural experiment with which to study how nutritional conditions in utero influence susceptibility to disease later in life. We analyzed data from rural Burkina Faso on 41,025 children born between 1993 and 2012, of whom 25,093 were born to Muslim mothers. Ramadan exposure was assigned on the basis of overlap between Ramadan dates and gestation, creating 7 exclusive categories. We used proportional hazards regression with difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the association between Ramadan exposure at different gestational ages and mortality among children under 5 years of age. Under-5 mortality was 32 deaths per 1,000 child-years. U…
Vasoactive peptide urotensin II in plasma is associated with cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and constitutes a potential …
2019
National audience; OBJECTIVECerebral vasospasm (VS) is a severe complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Urotensin II (UII) is a potent vasoactive peptide activating the urotensin (UT) receptor, potentially involved in brain vascular pathologies. The authors hypothesized that UII/UT system antagonism with the UT receptor antagonist/biased ligand urantide may be associated with post-SAH VS. The objectives of this study were 2-fold: 1) to leverage an experimental mouse model of SAH with VS in order to study the effect of urotensinergic system antagonism on neurological outcome, and 2) to investigate the association between plasma UII level and symptomatic VS after SAH in huma…
Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators' production and anti-inflammatory effect of the iridoid scrovalentinoside.
2007
We have studied scrovalentinoside, an iridoid with anti-inflammatory properties isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, as an anti-inflammatory agent in different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. We found that scrovalentinoside reduced the edema induced by oxazolone at 0.5 mg/ear and sheep red blood cells at 10 mg/kg. The observed effect occurred during the last phase or inflammatory response; during the earlier phase or induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, no significant activity was noted. Thus, scrovalentinoside reduced both the edema and cell infiltration in vivo and reduced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, affecting the cy…
Anti-inflammatory glycoterpenoids from Scrophularia auriculata.
2000
The activity of the four glycoterpenoids: two saponins, verbascosaponin A and verbascosaponin, and two iridoids, scropolioside A and scrovalentinoside, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, were studied in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. Both saponins significantly inhibited the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan and ear edema induced by single and multiple doses of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Verbascosaponin A showed a potency twice as high as that of indomethacin in the acute TPA model. Verbascosaponin A and scropolioside A were active after a long latency period against ethyl phenylpropiolate edema, as are glucocorticoids. Wh…
ANALISI DEL PROCESSO DI ROTTURA PER SOLLEVAMENTO DEL FONDO DI SCAVI CONTROVENTATI
2012
Nella presente nota si riportano i principali risultati di un’analisi sui meccanismi di rottura per sollevamento del fondo di scavi sostenuti da diaframmi. È stata studiata l’influenza su tali meccanismi di fattori quali: lo stato tensionale iniziale; il rapporto tra larghezza e altezza dello scavo; la profondità d’infissione dei diaframmi al di sotto del fondo dello scavo; la dissipazione delle sovrappressioni interstiziali. I risultati ottenuti indicano che i metodi correntemente utilizzati per la valutazione delle condizioni di stabilità del fondo scavo, basati sull’analisi in termini di tensioni totali e sull’impiego della resistenza non drenata su possono portare a sopravvalutare le co…
Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and lung function during childhood
2019
Introduction: Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) can increase the risk of reported respiratory symptoms in children. It remains unclear whether these compounds can also impact on lung function. We assessed the association between prenatal exposure to OCs and lung function during childhood. Methods: We included 1308 mother-child pairs enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Prenatal concentrations of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [p,p′-DDT], p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p,p′-DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], and seven polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] were measured in cord blood. Spirometry was performed in the offspring at ages 4 (n = 636) and 7 years (n = 1192…