Search results for " Drug"
showing 10 items of 3138 documents
Cancer therapy and treatments during COVID-19 era
2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has put a serious strain on health treatments as well at the economies of many nations. Unfortunately, there is not currently available vaccine for SARS-Cov-2/COVID-19. Various types of patients have delayed treatment or even routine check-ups and we are adapting to a virtual world. In many cases, surgeries are delayed unless they are essential. This is also true with regards to cancer treatments and screening. Interestingly, some existing drugs and nutraceuticals have been screened for their effects on COVID-19. Certain FDA approved drugs, vitamin, natural products and trace minerals may be repurposed to treat or improve the prevention of COVID-19 infections and disea…
Doxorubicin anti-tumor mechanisms include Hsp60 post-translational modifications leading to the Hsp60/p53 complex dissociation and instauration of re…
2017
Hsp60 is a pro-carcinogenic chaperonin in certain tumor types by interfering with apoptosis and with tumor cell death. In these tumors, it is not known whether or not doxorubicin anti-tumor effects include a blockage of the pro-carcinogenic action of this protein. We used the human lung mucoepidermoid cell line NCI-H292 and different doses of doxorubicin to measure cell viability, cell cycle progression, cell senescence indicators, Hsp60 levels and its post-translational modifications as well as the release of the chaperonin into the extracellular environment. Cell viability was reduced in relation to doxorubicin dose and this was paralleled by the appearance of cell senescence markers. Con…
Breast Cancer Organoids Model Patient-Specific Response to Drug Treatment
2020
Tumor organoids are tridimensional cell culture systems that are generated in vitro from surgically resected patients&rsquo
Stem-cell derived hepatocyte-like cells for the assessment of drug-induced liver injury.
2019
Drug-induced liver injury is a major cause of drug discovery failure in clinical trials and a leading cause of liver disease. Current preclinical drug testing does not predict hepatotoxicity which highlights the importance of developing highly predictive cell-based models. The use of stem cell technology and differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) could provide a stable source of hepatocytes for multiple applications, including drug screening. HLCs derived from both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to accurately predict hepatotoxicity as well as to test individual-specific toxicity. Although there are still many limitations, mainly related to the lack of…
Abilities of β-Estradiol to interact with chemotherapeutic drugs, signal transduction inhibitors and nutraceuticals and alter the proliferation of pa…
2019
Improving the effects of chemotherapy and reducing the side effects are important goals in cancer research. Various approaches have been examined to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy. For example, signal transduction inhibitors or hormonal based approaches have been included with chemo- or radio-therapy. MIA-PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells both express the estrogen receptor (ER). The effects of β-estradiol on the growth of PDAC cells has not been examined yet the ER is expressed in PDAC cells. We have examined the effects of combining β-estradiol with chemotherapeutic drugs, signal transcription inhibitors, natural products and nutraceuticals on PDAC.…
Tumor Microenvironment And Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition As Targets To Overcome Tumor Multidrug Resistance
2020
It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment. Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). TME-induced factors secreted by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create an inflammatory microenvironment by recruiting immune cells. CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inflammatory tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are main immune cell types which further enhance chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation nurtures tumor-initiating/cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), induces both EMT and MDR leading to tumor re…
Personalized Medicine: Recent Progress in Cancer Therapy
2020
Translational research has revolutionized how we develop new treatments for cancer patients. The change from an organ-centric concept guiding treatment choice towards deep molecular analysis, driving a personalized approach, is one of the most important advances of modern oncology. Several tools such as next generation sequencing and RNA sequencing have greatly improved the capacity to detect predictive and prognostic molecular alterations. Detection of gene mutations, amplifications, and fusions has therefore altered the history of several diseases in both a localized and metastatic setting. This shift in perspective, in which attention is focused on the specific molecular alterations of t…
Cytotoxic effects induced by patulin, deoxynivalenol and toxin T2 individually and in combination in hepatic cells (HepG2).
2018
Abstract Patulin (PAT), deoxynivalenol (DON) and toxin T-2 (T-2) are mycotoxins distributed worldwide in food and feed. Cytotoxicity of the three mycotoxins individually or in combination in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells was evaluated by MTT assay over 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. The concentration ranges used were 0.625–15 μM for DON, 1.25–50 nM for T-2 and 0.45–7.5 μM for PAT. The IC 50 values obtained ranged from 9.30 to 2.53 μM, from 33.69 to 44.37 nM and from 2.66 to 1.17 μM for DON, T-2 and PAT, respectively. The most cytotoxic mycotoxin to HepG2 cells was T-2 followed by PAT and DON. The combination ratios used for the mixtures were 1:3 (DON: T-2), 1:5 (DON: PAT), 1:1.…
Imatinib-Loaded Micelles of Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives for Potential Treatment of Neovascular Ocular Diseases
2018
In this work, new micellar systems able to cross corneal barrier and to improve the permeation of imatinib free base were prepared and characterized. HA-EDA-C-16, HA-EDA-C-16-PEG, and HA-EDA-C-16-CRN micelles were synthesized starting from hyaluronic acid (HA), ethylenediamine (EDA), hexadecyl chains (C-16), polyethylene glycol (PEG), or L-carnitine (CRN). These nanocarriers showed optimal particle size and mucoadhesive properties. Imatinib-loaded micelles were able to interact with corneal barrier and to promote imatinib transcorneal permeation and penetration. In addition, a study was conducted to understand the in vitro imatinib inhibitory effect on a choroidal neovascularization process…
Extracellular histones activate autophagy and apoptosis via mTOR signaling in human endothelial cells.
2018
Circulating histones have been proposed as targets for therapy in sepsis and hyperinflammatory symptoms. However, the proposed strategies have failed in clinical trials. Although different mechanisms for histone-related cytotoxicity are being explored, those mediated by circulating histones are not fully understood. Extracellular histones induce endothelial cell death, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as sepsis and septic shock. Therefore, the comprehension of cellular responses triggered by histones is capital to design effective therapeutic strategies. Here we report how extracellular histones induce autophagy and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in cu…