Search results for " Executive functions"

showing 10 items of 24 documents

Effects of the Enriched Sports Activities-Program on Executive Functions in Italian Children.

2020

Physical activity (PA) during childhood plays an important role in brain development. This role is played in both the structural domain, prefrontal cortex area, and in the functional domain, involving the higher cognitive functions, including the executive functions (EF). Working memory (WM), inhibition, and switching as fundamental EF were investigated in an Italian children sample before and after four months of an Enriched Sports Activities-Program (ESA-Program). EFs were assessed at pre-test and post-test using, respectively, the digit span test, the color word Stroop test, and the trail making test derived from Millisecond Software. The Italian sample was composed of 141 children aged …

Histologylcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal systemTrail Making Testphysical activityPhysical Therapy Sports Therapy and RehabilitationArticleDevelopmental psychology03 medical and health sciencesSettore M-PSI/04 - Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Psicologia Dell'Educazione0302 clinical medicineRheumatologyMemory spanOrthopedics and Sports MedicineCognitive skillPrefrontal cortexWorking memoryESA-Program Executive functions Physical activityESA-ProgramCognition030229 sport sciencesExecutive functionsexecutive functionsexecutive functionAnatomylcsh:RC925-935PsychologySettore M-EDF/01 - Metodi E Didattiche Delle Attivita' Motorie030217 neurology & neurosurgeryStroop effectJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology
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An Initial Study of Alexithymia and Its Relationship With Cognitive Abilities Among Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Alzheimer's Disease, and Healthy …

2018

The present study examined the degree to which alexithymia is greater in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relative to healthy volunteers (healthy comparison [HC]), and investigated relationships between alexithymia and cognition. Eighty-five participants (MCI = 30, AD = 21, HC = 34) underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination and completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Relative to HC, MCI and AD reported greater alexithymia total scores and higher scores on the TAS factor difficulty in identifying feelings (DIF). The remaining two factors, difficulty in describing feelings (DDF) and externally oriented thinking showed no signif…

MaleEmotionsLuria-Nebraska Neuropsychological BatteryAlexithymia cognition attention executive functions memorybehavioral disciplines and activities03 medical and health sciencesToronto Alexithymia ScaleExecutive Function0302 clinical medicineCognitionAlexithymiaAlzheimer DiseaseMemorySettore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia ClinicamedicineHumansAttentionCognitive DysfunctionAffective SymptomsAgedSettore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica030214 geriatricsmedicine.diagnostic_testRecallNeuropsychologyCognitionExecutive functionsmedicine.diseaseHealthy VolunteersPsychiatry and Mental healthFemaleVerbal memoryPsychologyNeurocognitive030217 neurology & neurosurgeryClinical psychologyThe Journal of nervous and mental disease
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Tower of London test: a comparison between conventional statistic approach and modelling based on artificial neural network in differentiating fronto…

2011

The early differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may be difficult. The Tower of London (ToL), thought to assess executive functions such as planning and visuo-spatial working memory, could help in this purpose. Twentytwo Dementia Centers consecutively recruited patients with early FTD or AD. ToL performances of these groups were analyzed using both the conventional statistical approaches and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) modelling. Ninety-four non aphasic FTD and 160 AD patients were recruited. ToL Accuracy Score (AS) significantly (p < 0.05) The use of hidden information contained in the different items of ToL and the non linear processing of…

MaleModels NeurologicalneuropsychologyNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryTower of LondonNeuropsychological Testsfrontotemporal dementiaSensitivity and SpecificityDiagnosis DifferentialExecutive FunctionAlzheimer's disease frontotemporal dementia Tower of London neuropsychology executive functionsAlzheimer Diseasemental disordersHumansAgedMED/26 - NEUROLOGIAAged 80 and overGeneral MedicineMiddle Agedexecutive functionsNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyNeurologyNonlinear Dynamicstest torre di Londra neuropsicologia demenzaFemaleSettore MED/26 - NeurologiaNeurology (clinical)Neural Networks ComputerAlzheimer’s diseaseRC321-571Research Article
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Electrophysiological correlates of the cognitive control processes underpinning mixing and switching costs

2016

Typically, in task-switching contexts individuals are slower and less accurate when repeating a task in mixed blocks compared to single-task blocks (mixing cost) and when switching to a new task compared to repeating a previous one (switch cost). Previous research has shown that distinct electrophysiological correlates underlie these two phenomena. However, this evidence is not a consistent result. The goal of this study was to better characterize differences between the control processes involved in mixing and switch costs. To this aim, we examined event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked during a cued task-switching experiment. In order to minimize the confounding effects of cognitive deman…

MaleTask switchingTask-setElectroencephalographyCueTask (project management)Developmental psychologyExecutive Function0302 clinical medicineCognitionEvoked PotentialsMixing (physics)Cerebral Cortexmedicine.diagnostic_testGeneral Neuroscience05 social sciencesCognitionElectroencephalographyExecutive functionsexecutive functionsERP; cognitive control; executive functions; switch-positivity; task-set; task-switchingCognitive controlFemaleswitch-positivityCuesEvoked PotentialPsychologypsychological phenomena and processesERPCognitive psychologyHumanAdultTask switchingbehavioral disciplines and activities050105 experimental psychology03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultP3bmedicineReaction TimeHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesMolecular Biologytask-switchingCued speechNeuroscience (all)Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia FisiologicaSwitch positivityNeurology (clinical)030217 neurology & neurosurgeryPsychomotor PerformanceDevelopmental Biology
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Subclinical executive function impairment in children with asymptomatic, treated phenylketonuria: A comparison with children with immunodeficiency vi…

2018

In this study we compared the neuropsychological profile of phenylketonuria (PKU) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to examine the specificity of the executive function (EF) impairment reported in these two patologies. A total of 55 age-matched children and adolescents were assessed, including 11 patients with PKU, 16 patients with HIV and 28 healthy controls, underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Although neither the PKU nor the HIV group scored below the normative ranges, both groups showed lower scores in neuropsychological tests engaging EFs than controls. In addition, compared to patients with PKU the HIV group performed significantly worse in the Trail-Making Test A, Corsi S…

Malecongenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalitiesPediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentPhenylketonuriasprefrontal lobeCognitive NeurosciencephenylketonuriaExperimental and Cognitive PsychologyNeuropsychological TestsAsymptomatic050105 experimental psychologyDevelopmental psychologySettore M-PSI/04 - Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Psicologia Dell'Educazione03 medical and health sciencesExecutive Function0302 clinical medicineArts and Humanities (miscellaneous)PhenylketonuriasmedicineDevelopmental and Educational PsychologyVerbal fluency testHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesNeuropsychological assessmentChildSubclinical infectionSettore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologicamedicine.diagnostic_testWorking memory05 social sciencesNeuropsychologynutritional and metabolic diseasesHIVHIV phenylketonuria executive functions prefrontal lobe.Executive functionsexecutive functionsNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyFemalemedicine.symptomexecutive functions; HIV; phenylketonuria; prefrontal lobe; Adolescent; Child; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Phenylketonurias; Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology; Experimental and Cognitive Psychology; Developmental and Educational Psychology; Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous); Cognitive NeurosciencePsychology030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Executive dysfunction in children affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an observational study

2013

Maria Esposito,1 Lorenzo Antinolfi,1 Beatrice Gallai,2 Lucia Parisi,3 Michele Roccella,3 Rosa Marotta,4 Serena Marianna Lavano,4 Giovanni Mazzotta,5 Francesco Precenzano,1 Marco Carotenuto1 1Sleep Clinic for Developmental Age, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; 2Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; 3Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 4Department of Psychiatry, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; 5Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, AUSL Umb…

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyNeuropsychiatric Disease and TreatmentNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryPolysomnographysleepinessOSAS polysomnography executive functions sleep sleepiness childrenpolysomnographychildrenmedicinesleepRC346-429Biological PsychiatryOriginal Researchmedicine.diagnostic_testIntelligence quotientbusiness.industryNeuropsychologyOSASexecutive functionsExecutive functionsmedicine.diseaseSettore MED/39 - Neuropsichiatria InfantileObstructive sleep apneaPsychiatry and Mental healthPopulation studyNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systembusinessBody mass indexRC321-571Executive dysfunction
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Reduced Self-Awareness Following a Combined Polar and Paramedian Bilateral Thalamic Infarction. A Possible Relationship With SARS-CoV-2 Risk of Conta…

2020

Reduced self-awareness is a well-known phenomenon investigated in patients with vascular disease; however, its impact on neuropsychological functions remains to be clarified. Importantly, selective vascular lesions provide an opportunity to investigate the key neuropsychological features of reduced self-awareness in neurocognitive disorders. Because of its rarity, we present an unusual case of a woman affected by a combined polar and paramedian bilateral thalamic infarction. The patient underwent an extensive neuropsychological evaluation to assess cognitive, behavioral, and functional domains, with a focus on executive functions. She was assessed clinically in the acute phase and after 6 m…

Pediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtylcsh:BF1-990case study; executive functions; polar and paramedian thalamic infarction; reduced self-awareness; SARS-CoV-2reduced self-awarenessCase Report050105 experimental psychologycase study03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinepolar and paramedian thalamic infarctionmedicinePsychology0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesApathyStrokeGeneral PsychologyDepression (differential diagnoses)SARS-CoV-2Vascular disease05 social sciencesNeuropsychologyexecutive functionsmedicine.diseaseExecutive functionslcsh:Psychologymedicine.symptomPsychologyNeurocognitive030217 neurology & neurosurgeryExecutive dysfunctionFrontiers in Psychology
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Assessment of executive functions in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder by NeuroVirtual Reality

2012

Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia FisiologicaSettore M-PSI/03 - PsicometriaVirtual Reality Multiple Errands Test (MET) Executive functions Obsessive-compulsive DisorderSettore MED/25 - Psichiatria
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Assessment of Executive Functions in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder by NeuroVR

2012

Executive functions are often impaired in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We used a Virtual Reality (VR) version of the Multiple Errand Test (MET) inside a virtual supermarket, in order to evaluate the executive functions in daily life in 10 OCD patients and 10 controls. It is performed in a shopping setting where there are items to be bought and information to be obtained. The specific goal of this study was to implement a tool for the assessment of executive functions.

Settore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat.Settore M-PSI/03 - PsicometriaVirtual Reality Multiple Errands Test(MET) Executive functions Obsessive-compulsive DisorderSettore MED/25 - Psichiatria
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Assessment of Executive Functions in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder by NeuroVR

2012

Executive functions are often impaired in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We used a Virtual Reality (VR) version of the Multiple Errand Test (MET) inside a virtual supermarket, in order to evaluate the executive functions in daily life in 10 OCD patients and 10 controls. It is performed in a shopping setting where there are items to be bought and information to be obtained. The specific goal of this study was to implement a tool for the assessment of executive functions

Settore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat.Settore M-PSI/03 - PsicometriaVirtual Reality Multiple Errands Test(MET) Executive functions Obsessive-compulsive DisorderSettore MED/25 - Psichiatria
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