Search results for " Formation"
showing 10 items of 1920 documents
Learning at the breast: Preference formation for an artificial scent and its attraction against the odor of maternal milk
2006
International audience; Human newborns are known to display spontaneous attraction to the odor of human milk. This study aimed to assess whether the positive response to human milk odor can be explained by nursing-related learning, and whether it can be easily reassigned to a novel odor associated with nursing. Infants were exposed or not to a novel odor (camomile, Ca) during nursing, and tested on day 3–4 for their preference for camomile in comparison with either a scentless control (Exp. 1), a scented control (Exp. 2), or maternal milk (Exp. 3). Prior experience with Ca modified the newborns’ responses. While the Ca odor became more attractive than a scented control in the Ca-exposed gro…
Production of Anti-Endomysial Antibodies in Cultured Duodenal Mucosa: Usefulness in Coeliac Disease Diagnosis
2002
Although anti-endomysial antibodies (EmA) have been found in the supernatants of cultured intestinal mucosa from patients with coeliac disease (CD), in no study has the clinical reliability of this new diagnostic tool been investigated. Our aims were to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the in vitro production of EmA in CD diagnosis in consecutive patients with suspected CD, and to evaluate the reliability of the in vitro challenge in CD patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD).For the former aim, consecutive patients who were due to undergo intestinal biopsy for suspected diagnosis of CD were enrolled: according to the final diagnosis, these patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 com…
Hippocampal subfields predict positive symptoms in schizophrenia : First evidence from brain morphometry
2012
Alterations of hippocampal anatomy have been reported consistently in schizophrenia. Within the present study, we used FreeSurfer to determine hippocampal subfield volumes in 21 schizophrenic patients. A negative correlation between PANSS-positive symptom score and bilateral hippocampal subfield CA2/3 as well as CA1 volume was found on high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Our observation opens the gate for advanced investigation of the commonly reported hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia in terms of specific subfields.
Retrobulbar adipocytes and humoral immunity in Graves' ophthalmopathy
1993
As CT and MR-imaging revealed an enlargement of retrobulbar fat tissue in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, the role of the retrobulbar adipocytes in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be elucidated. To evaluate the in vitro influence of humoral immunity on retrobulbar adipose tissue, the effects of IgG and sera from 56 euthyroid ophthalmopathy patients and 53 controls on both porcine and human (patients' and controls') retrobulbar adipocytes were measured by means of several assays: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to reveal specific binding of antibodies to the adipocytes. Metabolic activity was determined by means of a colorimetric dimethyl thiazolium-diphe…
State dependent posterior hippocampal volume increases in patients with major depressive disorder.
2011
Abstract Background The hippocampal formation has been implicated in etiology and therapy response in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, prospective longitudinal studies investigating volumes in hippocampal subregions and their association with clinical findings are still lacking. Methods Global and regional hippocampal volumes and neuropsychological performance were assessed longitudinally in 15 young patients with unipolar early onset MDD who responded to therapy and 13 matched healthy control subjects. Results Although volumes at baseline did not differ between groups, patients with MDD showed significant posterior hippocampal volume increases during the treatment course (mean obs…
Abduction nystagmus in internuclear ophthalmoplegia
1992
Direct current electro-oculography revealed abduction nystagmus with hypermetric abduction saccades in 35 of 64 patients with unilateral and 55 of 66 patients with bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Slowing of abduction saccades occurred in 27 unilateral cases, mainly ipsilateral to the paretic eye, and in 36 bilateral cases. Abduction nystagmus with hypermetric abduction saccades of normal velocity is explained by an increased phasic innervation adjusted to adduction paresis. Slowed abduction saccades are attributed to impaired inhibition of the medial rectus muscle. Superposition of impaired medial rectus inhibition and increased phasic innervation best explains abduction nystagmus w…
Lens Opacities in Valencia, Spain
2011
Purpose. To evaluate the most common lens opacities in Valencia (Spain), analyzed by gender, grade, and type of cataracts. The results are compared with other studies performed at other geographical latitudes and on different races. Methods. A total of 1951 eyes of patients diagnosed with cataracts, aged between 30 and 96 years, were evaluated in accordance with age, gender, type and degree of the cataract, bilaterality and symmetry of this disease. Lens Opacities Classification System III was used to classify the cataract and the degree was graded as mild or moderate to advanced. Results. The most common type of cataract is corticonuclear in the elderly and subcapsular in younger subjects.…
Hippocampal dose during Linac-based stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: An observational study
2017
Abstract Introduction Aim of the present study is to evaluate homolateral and contralateral hippocampus (H-H, C-H, respectively) dose during Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy (FSRT) or Radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM). Materials & methods Patients with BM 3 months, were considered for SRS/FSRT (total dose 15–30 Gy, 1–5 fractions). For each BM, a Flattening Filter Free (FFF) Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plan was generated with one or two arcs. Hippocampi were not considered during optimizations phase and were contoured and evaluated retrospectively in terms of dose: the Dmedian, Dmean, D0.1cc and the V1Gy, V2Gy, V5Gy and V10Gy were analyzed. Results From April 2…
In Vitro Cytokine Production by HLA-B8, DR3 Positive Subjects
1994
It is well known that healthy subjects carrying the HLA-B8,DR3 haplotype may show an impairment of immune system, the T cells being the most affected. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of the impairment displayed by these subjects, efforts have been centered on the study of in vitro cytokine production because of the pivotal role played by these mediators in the activation and control of several immune functions. The available results indicate that the ability to several immune functions. The available results indicate that the ability to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2 and the soluble form of its receptor (sIL-2R) is impaired in HLA-B8,DR3 positive healthy subjects. To better charac…
Long-Term Physical Activity May Modify Brain Structure and Function: Studies in Young Healthy Twins
2019
Background: Physical activity (PA) is said to be beneficial to many bodily functions. However, the effects of PA in the brain are still inadequately known. The authors aimed to uncover possible brain modulation linked with PA. Here, they combine 4 of their studies with monozygotic twins, who were within-pair discordant in PA for a minimum of 1 year. Methods: The authors performed brain imaging, brain electrophysiology, and cardiovascular and body composition assessments, and collected questionnaire-based data. The present synopsis elucidates the differences associated with differing PA history in conditions without genetic variability. They present new structural and electrophysiological re…