Search results for " Genetics"

IAP et Rho : enfin connectées

2014

231 m/s n° 3, vol. 30, mars 2014 DOI : 10.1051/medsci/20143003003 5. Apcher S, Millot G, Daskalogianni C, et al. Translation of pre-spliced RNAs in the nuclear compartment generates peptides for the MHC class I pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013 ; 110 : 17951-6. 6. de Turris V, Nicholson P, Orozco RZ, et al. Cotranscriptional effect of a premature termination codon revealed by live-cell imaging. RNA 2011 ; 17 : 2094-107. 7. Iborra FJ, Jackson DA, Cook PR. Coupled transcription and translation within nuclei of mammalian cells. Science 2001 ; 293 : 1139-42. 8. David A, Dolan BP, Hickman HD, et al. Nuclear translation visualized by ribosome-bound nascent chain puromycylation. J Cell Biol 201…

Measuring RNA polymerase activity genome-wide with high-resolution run-on-based methods

2019

The biogenesis of RNAs is a multi-layered and highly regulated process that involves a diverse set of players acting in an orchestrated manner throughout the transcription cycle. Transcription initiation, elongation and termination factors act on RNA polymerases to modulate their movement along the DNA template in a very precise manner, more complex than previously anticipated. Genome-scale run-on-based methodologies have been developed to study in detail the position of transcriptionally-engaged RNA polymerases. Genomic run-on (GRO), and its many variants and refinements made over the years, are helping the community to address an increasing amount of scientific questions, spanning an incr…

Nuclear aggregation of olfactory receptor genes governs their monogenic expression.

2012

SummaryGene positioning and regulation of nuclear architecture are thought to influence gene expression. Here, we show that, in mouse olfactory neurons, silent olfactory receptor (OR) genes from different chromosomes converge in a small number of heterochromatic foci. These foci are OR exclusive and form in a cell-type-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The aggregation of OR genes is developmentally synchronous with the downregulation of lamin b receptor (LBR) and can be reversed by ectopic expression of LBR in mature olfactory neurons. LBR-induced reorganization of nuclear architecture and disruption of OR aggregates perturbs the singularity of OR transcription and disrupts the…

Destabilized green fluorescent protein detects rapid removal of transcription blocks after genotoxic exposure

2007

High stabilities of reporter proteins and their messenger RNAs (mRNAs) interfere with the detection of rapid transient changes in gene expression, such as transcriptional blocks posed by genotoxic DNA lesions. We have modified a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene within the episomal pMARS vector by addition of a fragment encoding for mouse ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) proline-glutamate-serine-threonine-rich (PEST) sequence in order to target the protein to the proteasomes and achieved an unprecedentedly fast GFP turnover in permanently transfected human cells. As early as 1 h after inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide, the number of fluorescent cells decreased more than 5-fo…

Annotation of microsporidian genomes using transcriptional signals

2012

EA GenoSol CT3; International audience; High-quality annotation of microsporidian genomes is essential for understanding the biological processes that govern the development of these parasites. Here we present an improved structural annotation method using transcriptional DNA signals. We apply this method to re-annotate four previously annotated genomes, which allow us to detect annotation errors and identify a significant number of unpredicted genes. We then annotate the newly sequenced genome of Anncaliia algerae. A comparative genomic analysis of A. algerae permits the identification of not only microsporidian core genes, but also potentially highly expressed genes encoding membrane-asso…

A genomic view of mRNA turnover in yeast

2011

The steady-state mRNA level is the result of two opposing processes: transcription and degradation; both of which can provide important points to regulate gene expression. In the model organism yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is now possible to determine, at the genomic level, the transcription and degradation rates, as well as the mRNA amount, using DNA chip or parallel sequencing technologies. In this way, the contribution of both rates to individual and global gene expressions can be analysed. Here we review the techniques used for the genomic evaluation of the transcription and degradation rates developed for this yeast, and we discuss the integration of the data obtained to fully an…

Activation and methotrexate-mediated suppression of the TNF alpha promoter in T cells and macrophages.

1998

Epigenetic activation of a cryptic TBC1D16 transcript enhances melanoma progression by targeting EGFR

2015

Metastasis is respoMetastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths, and, among common tumor types, melanoma is one with great potential to metastasize. Here we study the contribution of epigenetic changes to the dissemination process by analyzing the changes that occur at the DNA methylation level between primary cancer cells and metastases. We found a hypomethylation event that reactivates a cryptic transcript of the Rab GTPase activating protein TBC1D16 (TBC1D16-47 kDa; referred to hereafter as TBC1D16-47KD) to be a characteristic feature of the metastatic cascade. This short isoform of TBC1D16 exacerbates melanoma growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. By combining imm…

Cadmium effects on p38/MAPK isoforms in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells

2009

Emerging evidence seems to indicate that the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity in normal and pathological eukaryotic cells, also affecting intracellular signalization events. Human p38 is a family of mitogen-activated protein kinases consisting of four isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) which mediate signal transduction cascades controlling several aspects of cell physiology. In this study we examined whether exposure of MDA-MB231 tumor cells from the human breast to Cd may exert some effect on p38 isoform expression and accumulation, as well as on p38 activation. Employing a combination of prolif…

Sus1, a functional component of the SAGA histone acetylase complex and the nuclear pore-associated mRNA export machinery

2004

12 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tabla. Material suplementario en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01025-0. The SUS1 sequences have been deposited in GenBank with the accession number AY278445.