Search results for " Geometry"

showing 10 items of 2294 documents

Geometrically diverse anions in anion–π interactions

2011

The role of different anion geometries in anion–π interactions is discussed. The chemistry described herein is different to the interaction of spherical cations with aromatics. The influence of different geometries makes selective anion recognition more complicated than respective cation sensing. The present structural study reveals attractive interactions between pentafluorophenyl units and geometrically diverse anions (linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral and octahedral). Due to the electrostatic nature of anion–π interactions, the anion geometry seems to be irrelevant. The size of the anion controls the relative orientation of the anion and the π system (e.g. in compounds 1–3). The dimer…

Trigonal planar molecular geometrychemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyBetainechemistryOctahedronInorganic chemistryChemieTetrahedronGeneral Chemistryta116IonSupramolecular Chemistry
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Quasihyperbolic boundary conditions and capacity: Uniform continuity of quasiconformal mappings

2005

We prove that quasiconformal maps onto domains which satisfy a suitable growth condition on the quasihyperbolic metric are uniformly continuous when the source domain is equipped with the internal metric. The obtained modulus of continuity and the growth assumption on the quasihyperbolic metric are shown to be essentially sharp. As a tool, we prove a new capacity estimate.

Uniform continuityPartial differential equationMathematics::Complex VariablesGeneral MathematicsMathematical analysisMetric (mathematics)Mathematics::Metric GeometryBoundary value problemAnalysisModulus of continuityDomain (mathematical analysis)MathematicsJournal d'Analyse Mathématique
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Modeling of kinetic and static friction between an elastically bent nanowire and a flat surface

2011

Friction forces for a nanowire (NW) elastically bent on flat substrate were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Models based on elastic beam theory were proposed considering balance of external, frictional, and elastic forces along the NW. The distributed friction force was determined for two cases: (i) the NW was uniformly dragged at its midpoint and bent by kinetic friction forces and (ii) the NW was held in a bent state by static friction forces. The first case considers a uniform distribution of kinetic friction along the NW and enables the measurement of the friction force from the elastically deformed NW profile. The second case exploits the interplay between static fr…

Uniform distribution (continuous)Materials scienceMechanical EngineeringBent molecular geometryNanowireNanotechnologySubstrate (electronics)MechanicsTribologyCondensed Matter PhysicsKinetic energyMomentumMechanics of MaterialsGeneral Materials ScienceWaferJournal of Materials Research
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Weak chord-arc curves and double-dome quasisymmetric spheres

2014

Let $\Omega$ be a planar Jordan domain and $\alpha>0$. We consider double-dome-like surfaces $\Sigma(\Omega,t^{\alpha})$ over $\overline{\Omega}$ where the height of the surface over any point $x\in\overline{\Omega}$ equals $\text{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)^{\alpha}$. We identify the necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of $\Omega$ and $\alpha$ so that these surfaces are quasisymmetric to $\mathbb{S}^2$ and we show that $\Sigma(\Omega,t^{\alpha})$ is quasisymmetric to the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^2$ if and only if it is linearly locally connected and Ahlfors $2$-regular.

Unit sphereChord (geometry)QA299.6-43330C65 30C62Mathematics::Complex VariablesApplied Mathematics010102 general mathematicsdouble-dome-like surfacesMetric Geometry (math.MG)16. Peace & justice01 natural sciencesOmegachord-arc propertyCombinatoricsMathematics - Metric GeometryFOS: Mathematicsquasisymmetric spheresAhlfors 2-regularityMathematics::Metric GeometrySPHERESGeometry and Topology0101 mathematicsahlfors 2-regularityAnalysisMathematics
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Rescaling principle for isolated essential singularities of quasiregular mappings

2012

We establish a rescaling theorem for isolated essential singularities of quasiregular mappings. As a consequence we show that the class of closed manifolds receiving a quasiregular mapping from a punctured unit ball with an essential singularity at the origin is exactly the class of closed quasiregularly elliptic manifolds, that is, closed manifolds receiving a non-constant quasiregular mapping from a Euclidean space.

Unit sphereEssential singularityClass (set theory)Pure mathematicsmath.CVMathematics - Complex VariablesMathematics::Complex VariablesEuclidean spacemath.MGApplied MathematicsGeneral MathematicsPrimary 30C65 Secondary 53C21 32H02010102 general mathematics16. Peace & justiceMathematics::Geometric Topology01 natural sciencesRescaling010101 applied mathematicsQuasiregular mappingMathematics - Metric GeometryIsolated essential singularities111 MathematicsGravitational singularity0101 mathematicsMathematicsProceedings of the American Mathematical Society
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Spectral rigidity and invariant distributions on Anosov surfaces

2014

This article considers inverse problems on closed Riemannian surfaces whose geodesic flow is Anosov. We prove spectral rigidity for any Anosov surface and injectivity of the geodesic ray transform on solenoidal 2-tensors. We also establish surjectivity results for the adjoint of the geodesic ray transform on solenoidal tensors. The surjectivity results are of independent interest and imply the existence of many geometric invariant distributions on the unit sphere bundle. In particular, we show that on any Anosov surface $(M,g)$, given a smooth function $f$ on $M$ there is a distribution in the Sobolev space $H^{-1}(SM)$ that is invariant under the geodesic flow and whose projection to $M$ i…

Unit sphereMathematics - Differential GeometryPure mathematicsAlgebra and Number TheorySolenoidal vector fieldGeodesicisospectral manifoldsDynamical Systems (math.DS)Inverse problemSobolev spaceRigidity (electromagnetism)Mathematics - Analysis of PDEsmath.DGDifferential Geometry (math.DG)conjugate-pointsBundleGeodesic flowFOS: MathematicsGeometry and TopologyMathematics - Dynamical SystemsAnalysismath.APmath.DSMathematicsAnalysis of PDEs (math.AP)
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Solutions to the 1-harmonic flow with values into a hyper-octant of the N-sphere

2013

Abstract We announce existence results for the 1-harmonic flow from a domain of R m into the first hyper-octant of the N -dimensional unit sphere, under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The arguments rely on a notion of “geodesic representative” of a BV-vector field on its jump set.

Unit spheren-sphereGeodesicApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisA domainharmonic flowsOctant (solid geometry)non-convex variational problems1-harmonic flowlower semi-continuity and relaxation; total variation flow; 1-harmonic flow; non-convex variational problems; image processing; geodesic; partial differential equations; harmonic flowsimage processingHomogeneoustotal variation flowNeumann boundary conditionJumppartial differential equationslower semi-continuity and relaxationgeodesicMathematics
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A theoretical study of the electronic spectrum of bithiophene

1995

The electronic spectrum of bithiophene in the energy range up to 6.0 eV has been studied using multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory (CASPT2) and a basis set of ANO type, with split valence quality and including polarization functions on all heavy atoms. Calculations were performed at a planar (trans) and twisted geometry. The calculated ordering of the excited singlet states is 1Bu, 1Bu, 1Ag, 1Ag, and 1Bu with 0–0 transition energies: 3.88, 4.15, 4.40, 4.71, and 5.53 eV, respectively. The first Rydberg transition (3s) has been found at 5.27 eV. The results have been used in aiding the interpretation of the experimental spectra, and in cases where a direct comparison is poss…

Valence (chemistry)Electron spectraChemistryGeneral Physics and AstronomyGeometryExcited StatesSpectral lineUNESCO::FÍSICA::Química físicasymbols.namesakePlanarElectron SpectraThiopheneRydberg StatesExcited stateRydberg formulasymbolsPerturbation TheoryThiophene ; Electron Spectra ; Perturbation Theory ; Geometry ; Excited States ; Rydberg StatesPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physics:FÍSICA::Química física [UNESCO]Excited singletBasis set
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Stability of Rare-Earth Oxychloride Phases: Bond Valence Study

2002

Abstract The crystal structures of the tetragonal rare earth ( RE ) oxychlorides, RE OCl ( RE =La–Nd, Sm–Ho, and Y) were studied by X-ray powder diffraction measurements, Rietveld analyses, and bond valence calculations. The tetragonal structure (space group P 4/ nmm , No. 129, Z =2) is stable for all but Er–Lu oxychlorides, which possess a hexagonal structure. The tetragonal structure consists of alternating layers of ( RE O) n n + complex cations and X n − anions, where the rare earth is coordinated to four oxygens and four plus one chlorines in a monocapped tetragonal antiprism arrangement. The Rietveld analyses yielded a coherent series of structural parameters. Preferred orientation an…

Valence (chemistry)Ionic radiusRietveld refinementChemistryStereochemistryCrystal structureCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsInorganic ChemistryTetragonal crystal systemCrystallographyMolecular geometryCovalent bondMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPowder diffractionJournal of Solid State Chemistry
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Oxovanadium(V) complexes with tripodal bisphenolate and monophenolate ligands: Syntheses, structures and catalytic activities

2019

Abstract The reactions between [VO(acac)2] (acac– = acetylacetonate) and the tripodal amino bisphenols 6,6′-(((2-morpholinoethyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) (H2L1) and 6,6′-(((thiophen-2-ylmethyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol) (H2L2) as well as the tetradentate amino phenol 2,2′-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)azanediyl)bis(ethan-1-ol) (H3L3) afford the complexes [VO(L1)(OMe)] (1), [VO(L2)(acac)] (2) and [VO(L3)] (3), correspondingly. Complexes 1 and 3 can also be prepared using VOSO4·xH2O or [VO(OPr)3] as vanadium precursors. When [VO(acac)2] or VOSO4·xH2O is used, mononuclear oxovanadium(V) complexes are formed upon oxidation of the met…

Vanadiumchemistry.chemical_element010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMedicinal chemistrysulfoxidationCatalysisInorganic ChemistryMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundepoxidationcalculationsMaterials ChemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryMethyleneta116Vanadium (V) complexes010405 organic chemistryChemistryThioanisolekompleksiyhdisteet0104 chemical sciencesTrigonal bipyramidal molecular geometryOctahedronvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumSingle crystalInorganica Chimica Acta
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