Search results for " IR"

The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents

2010

In women, the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has become broad and includes several possible phenotypes. Because several features of PCOS may be in evolution in adolescents, we suggest that only firm criteria should be used to make a diagnosis of PCOS during adolescence. Hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and ovarian morphology change during adolescence and are discussed individually. Adolescents with incomplete criteria for a firm diagnosis of PCOS should be followed up carefully and may be diagnosed at a later time.

Hisperica Famina (testo criticamente rivisto, traduzione e commento)

Helical Tomotherapy® is a safe and feasible technique for total scalp irradiation

2017

Angiosarcoma of the scalp is a rare aggressive tumor that affects elderly patients. Chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for multicentric and extensive disease. The shape of the scalp represents a dosimetric challenge in terms of achieving a homogeneous concave dose distribution with coverage of the entire target volume and an acceptable organs-at-risk sparing. We report a case of an 81-year-old man with a multifocal angiosarcoma of the scalp treated with Helical TomoTherapy® (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) intensity modulated radiotherapy. This technique allows precise and daily verifiable coverage of the target keeping the dose to the organs at risk within the constraints.

Farmers’ autonomous management or state regulation? The consolidation of local irrigation associations in Spain (nineteenth to twentieth centuries)

2019

AbstractThe collective management of irrigation is an essential factor in agrarian development, both present and past. However, the relationship of irrigation associations with the state remains underexplored, despite the increasingly important role played by water policies in the modern world. The present article examines this relationship in Spain over the last two centuries. Our results suggest that, first, the state played a decisive part in the emergence and evolution of irrigation associations, and this belies the assumption of the traditional origin of these institutions; second, that farmers, despite being subject to the regulatory framework, enjoyed substantial autonomy in the mana…

Income and expenses of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (1686–1712), starost of Veliuona, Zabłudów, Baisogala and Daugeliskis, relating to his schooling in Wars…

2021

Postać Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1686–1712) z linii supraskiej nie doczekała się do tej pory swojego opracowania choćby w postaci noty biograficznej. Artykuł niniejszy przybliża więc wybrany fragment z życiorysu wyżej wymienionego bohatera, który w latach 1700–1705 przebywał na naukach w szkole jezuickiej w Warszawie. Okres nauk stanowił ważne wydarzenie w życiu młodych magnatów, którzy w ich ramach przygotowywali się do służby państwowej i funkcjonowania w społeczeństwie szlacheckim. Nie inaczej było w przypadku Jana Karola, dziedzica ogromnej fortuny chodkiewiczowskiej, który resztę swojego krótkiego życia spędził później na sporach o dobra ojczyste. Młody starosta pobierał nauki w trudny…

“From Savage to Sublime (And Partway Back): Indians and Antiquity in Early Nineteenth-Century American Literature”

2016

This article examines the comparisons made between Indians and Antiquity in early nineteenth-century American literature (notably in the works of Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper); to do so, it begins by reaching back to references in European and American writings of the eighteenth century. One of the main motivations behind the associations between Native Americans and the Ancient World made in the early decades of the nineteenth century was to “elevate” Indians in order to transform them into worthy symbols of the recently established United States. Such associations also rendered them suitable subjects for treatment by authors inspired to a large extent by the Romantic Moveme…

Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (1686–1712) – szkic biograficzny młodego magnata

2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę zaprezentowania postaci Jana Karola Chodkiewicza z linii supraskiej (1686–1712), syna starosty błudeńskiego i oboźnego wielkiego litewskiego Jerzego Karola Chodkiewicza oraz Marianny Tekli z Naruszewiczów, który do tej pory nie doczekał się żadnego szerszego opracowania naukowego. Podstawę źródłową szkicu biograficznego Chodkiewicza stanowią materiały przechowywane w Archiwum Narodowym w Krakowie, w zespole Archiwum Młynowskie Chodkiewiczów. Różnorodność znajdujących się w nim dokumentów pozwoliła na możliwie jak najdokładniejsze odtworzenie jego życiorysu. Z niego wyłania się postać Jana Karola, który osierocony przez ojca w dzieciństwie zdany był na opiekę swojej mat…

‘The Iraq War Momentum’ in the Struggle on the Powers of the US Congress

2019

How parliaments and legislatures participate in war-making has raised interest among researchers from different disciplines, including constitutional law and political science. While war powers are usually considered to be included in the field of the executive branch, parliaments have played an increasingly relevant role as more democratic decision-making in both normal and exceptional times has gained prominence. The comparative aspect to examine war powers between parliaments or between the branches of government is often adopted to describe the authority and legitimacy of these powers. The US Congress is considered to have strong war powers on paper compared to parliaments in other libe…

HUMAN SMUGGLING AND IRREGULAR IMMIGRATION IN THE EU: FROM COMPLICITY TO EXPLOITATION?

2016

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the EU and the UN to the fight against smuggling. The two approaches are considerably different; and, since the one in the UN documents is more respectful of the smuggled migrants' rights, the paper suggests that a similar approach should also be embraced by the EU documents.

Effects induced by 4.7 eV UV laser irradiation on pure silica core multimode optical fibers investigated by in situ optical absorption measurements

2011

We investigated by in situ optical absorption measurements the effects induced by 4.7 eV UV laser irradiation on pure silica core optical fibers. Laser irradiation with 100 MWcm−2 laser intensity generates in the fiber E′ centers which partially decay after irradiation due to their reaction with diffusing H2. An absorption band peaked at 5.3 eV is observed to grow in the post-irradiation stage with a kinetics anti-correlated to the decay of the 5.8 eV band of the E′ centers. The defect absorbing at 5.3 eV is proposed to be formed by trapping on pre-existing precursors of hydrogen atoms made available by breaking of H2 on E′.We also show by repeated irradiation experiments that the 5.3 eV-ab…