Search results for " Immunologic"
showing 10 items of 538 documents
Cutting edge: priming of CTL by transcutaneous peptide immunization with imiquimod.
2005
Abstract CTL are important in combating cancer and viruses. Therefore, triggering the complete potential of CTL effector functions by new vaccination strategies will not only improve prophylaxis of tumor or virus-related diseases, but also open opportunities for effective therapeutic immunizations. Using transcutaneous immunization, we show that epicutaneous (e.c.)4 application of an ointment containing a CTL epitope and the TLR7 ligand imiquimod is highly effective in activating T cells in mice using TCR-transgenic CTL or in wild-type mice. Transcutaneous immunization-activated CTL mount a full-blown immune response against the target epitope characterized by proliferation, cytolytic activ…
Immunosurveillance of lung melanoma metastasis in EBI-3-deficient mice mediated by CD8+ T cells.
2008
Abstract EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI-3) codes for a soluble type I receptor homologous to the p40 subunit of IL-12 that is expressed by APCs following activation. In this study, we assessed the role of EBI-3 in a model of lung melanoma metastasis. Intravenous injection of the B16-F10 cell line resulted in a significant reduction of lung tumor metastasis in EBI-3−/− recipient mice compared with wild-type mice. The immunological finding accompanying this effect was the expansion of a newly described cell subset called IFN-γ producing killer dendritic cells associated with CD8+ T cell responses in the lung of EBI-3−/− mice including IFN-γ release and TNF-α-induced programmed tumor cell death. Depl…
Generation of tumor-reactive CTL against the tumor-associated antigen HER2 using retrovirally transduced dendritic cells derived from CD34+ hemopoiet…
2000
Abstract Ag-specific CD8+ CTL are crucial for effective tumor rejection. Attempts to treat human malignancies by adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive CTL have been limited due to the difficulty of generating and expanding autologous CTL with defined Ag specificity. The current study examined whether human CTL can be generated against the tumor-associated Ag HER2 using autologous dendritic cells (DC) that had been genetically engineered to express HER2. DC progenitors were expanded by culturing CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells in the presence of the designer cytokine HyperIL-6. Proliferating precursor cells were infected by a retroviral vector encoding the HER2 Ag and further differentiated…
High Expression of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 on Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Multiple Myeloma Cells
2020
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by aberrant bone marrow plasma cell (PC) proliferation and is one of the most common hematological malignancies. The potential effect of cannabinoids on the immune system and hematological malignancies has been poorly characterized. Cannabidiol (CBD) may be used to treat various diseases. CBD is known to exert immunomodulatory effects through the activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), which is expressed in high levels in the hematopoietic system. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous population of polyclonal T lymphocytes obtained via ex vivo sequential incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with interferon-&gam…
Cellular cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease.
2008
We tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The following cytotoxicity values were found (mean +/- SEM): alcohol-induced steatosis with or without fibrosis 16.5 +/- 2% (n = 29), alcoholic cirrhosis 28 +/- 4% (n = 13), controls with normal liver histology or minimal changes 6 +/- 2% (n = 11). The differences were statistically significant (both forms of ALD versus controls p less than 0.005). T-cell as well as non-T-cell-enriched lymphocyte fractions showed increased cytotoxicity in ALD. We did not observe a correlation between cellular cytotoxicity and the degree of biochemical or histological alterations within the groups…
Clinical trials with combination of cytokine-induced killer cells and dendritic cells for cancer therapy
2019
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) is a promising treatment for a number of cancers. Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) are considered to be major cytotoxic immunologic effector cells. Usually cancer cells are able to suppress antitumor responses by secreting immunosuppressive factors. CIKs have significant antitumor activity and are capable of eradicating tumors with few side effects. They are a very encouraging cell population used against hematological and solid tumors, with an inexpensive expansion protocol which could yield to superior clinical outcome in clinical trials employing adoptive cellular therapy combination. In the last decade, clinical protocols have been modified by e…
The hemolysin-producer coelomocytes in Holothuria polii
1988
Using sodium metrizoate discontinuous gradients, two hemolysin-producer amebocyte populations have been separated from total circulating Holothuria polii coelomocytes. The amebocytes of population 1 are responsible for the production of the calcium-dependent and temperature-labile hemolysin, whereas those of population 2 produce the calcium-independent and temperature-stable one. The intracytoplasmic hemolysins were evidenced also by immunofluorescence. Petaloid and filipodial amebocytes were the only positive cell types.
Consequences of antigen self-presentation by tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells.
2000
Abstract CDS-positive cytotoxic T cells (CTL) recognize antigenic peptides in combination with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of syngeneic antigen presenting cells (APC). In the present paper we show that cells from tumor antigen-specific CTL clones present their cognate antigenic peptide to other CTL from the same clone. Inter-CTL peptide presentation resulted in activation of the cells of one CTL clone to MHC-unrestricted lysis of bystander cells. In contrast to the behaviour of this clone, another CTL clone did not lyse bystander cells after incubation with the cognate peptide, but was activated to self-destruction. The human herpes virus Epstein-…
Gemcitabine sensitizes lung cancer cells to Fas/FasL system-mediated killing
2014
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells by increasing functionally active Fas expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system involvement in gemcitabine-induced lung cancer cell killing. NSCLC H292 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of gemcitabine. FasL mRNA and protein were evaluated by real-time PCR, and by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis of FasL-expressing cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation by Western blot and a colorimetric assay. Cytotoxicity of ly…
Cytotoxic effects of antibodies to proteinase 3 (C-ANCA) on human endothelial cells.
1994
SUMMARY Autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic antigens of neutrophils (ANCA), especially those with specificity for proteinase 3 (PR-3) and myeloperoxidase, are valuable markers for differential diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and other vasculitides. Till now, several concepts concerning a direct role of antibodies against PR-3 in the pathogenesis of WG have been discussed. Recently we were able to show that these antibodies recognize PR-3 translocated into the membrane of human endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate putative cytotoxic effects of antibodies to PR-3 on human endothelial cells. Antibodies were obtained b…