Search results for " Language"

2019

During speech perception listeners rely on multimodal input and make use of both auditory and visual information. When presented with speech, for example syllables, the differences in brain responses to distinct stimuli are not, however, caused merely by the acoustic or visual features of the stimuli. The congruency of the auditory and visual information and the familiarity of a syllable, that is, whether it appears in the listener’s native language or not, also modulates brain responses. We investigated how the congruency and familiarity of the presented stimuli affect brain responses to audio-visual (AV) speech in 12 adult Finnish native speakers and 12 adult Chinese native speakers. They…

Defining sensory descriptors: towards writing rules based on terminology

2007

International audience; Descriptive analysis relies upon the use of sensory descriptors. They are words generally associated to a definition aimed at helping their understanding. However, the writing rules for such definitions remain implicit. The present work is a collaborative attempt from sensory analysts and linguists to get further insight into how definitions are elaborated.Definition formulations were analyzed according to linguistic criteria, syntactic (type and number of nouns, verbs and adjectives) as well as semantic ones (relations of synonymy, metaphor or analogy between the descriptors and their definitions). Such a linguistic analysis was performed on one hundred descriptor d…

Double validation of translated questionnaires in international studies

2018

Background Study questionnaires developed in one country can be translated and used for similar studies in other countries. The main problem of this process is that people speaking different languages can understand the meaning of some questions differently due to disparate mentalities and backgrounds. To avoid a misunderstanding, to perform correct conclusions in accordance to the mentality of each country, and to permit the comparison of results in different countries, the intellectual validation of questionnaires is widely used. The main problem of such a validation is its qualitative nature that can be biased by the subjective approach of the investigator. Therefore, there is a necessit…

RELACIÓN ENTRE ESTRÉS PARENTAL Y HABILIDADES LINGÜÍSTICAS EN NIÑOS CON TEA

2016

Abstract:The objectives of this study were: 1) Compare the perceived parental stress between a group of parents of children with ASD and a group of parents of children with typical development. The rest of the objectives are focused on the analysis of the ASD group.2) Compare the perceived parental stress between the parents of the ASD children with language and the parents of the ASD children without language. 3) Analyze the relationship between the perceived parental stress and the child’s receptive linguistic skills. 4) Analyze the relationship between the perceived parental stress and the child’s expressive linguistic skills. The Parenting Stress Index scale (the child domain) was used …

Getting into the Same Boat – Enabling the Realization of the Disabled Child’s Agency in Adult–Child Play Interaction

2021

The purpose of this study was to find out how an adult can enable or hinder the realization of a disabled child’s agency in play interaction. We focused on the child’s play invitations, which were constructed as dispreferred by the adult. The data consisted of nine videotaped playing situations with five nurses and five disabled children in a children’s neurological ward. The microanalysis with interventionist applied conversation analysis focused on one playing situation between one nurse and one three-year-old boy with no spoken language. The nurse responded to the child’s play invitations constructed as dispreferred by her in three different ways. Two of them were about trying to control…

Early intentional communication as a predictor of language development in young toddlers

1999

Interrelations between various types of early intentional communi cation measures, and their relations to children's concurrent and subsequent language skills and maternal interactional sensitivity were studied in a sample of 111 mother-infant pairs. Intentional communication was assessed at 14 months of age using a composite of early actions and gestures derived from parental reports (MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories, MCDI), and measures of early joint attentional behaviours obtained via observations of parent-child play interaction. The sum of actions and gestures and the measures of joint attentional behaviours correlated significantly with each other suggesting that the …

Diachronic development of gender in city names in Spanish

2019

AbstractThis paper examines the gender assignment rules that apply to city names in the history of Spanish, relying for the first time on extensive corpus-based material. The empirical data show that gender assignment changed from a referential principle that consistently assigned city names to the feminine (due to the feminine basic level noun for ‘city’) to a phonologically driven assignment rule, with city names ending in-agenerally being assigned to the feminine (e.g.Barcelona) and those ending in-oor-C to the masculine (e.g.Toledo,Madrid). However, the overall picture is much more complicated than previously suggested in the literature since there is still a high degree of gender varia…

Morphological features of Kiswahili youth language(s): Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Goma, Lubumbashi and Nairobi

2020

AbstractSince the late 1980s, linguists’ analyses of Sheng, the urban youth language from Nairobi, have led to the growth of a considerable body of literature. In contrast, only a few studies are available that cover other youth registers from the Kiswahili-speaking parts of Africa. While most of the available studies either deal with techniques of manipulation or with adolescents’ identity constructions, our paper intends to give a comparative overview of specific morphological features of Kiswahili-based youth languages. While certain characteristics of Sheng (Nairobi/Kenya), Lugha ya Mitaani (Dar es Salaam/Tanzania), Kindubile (Lubumbashi/DR Congo) and Yabacrâne (Goma/DR Congo) largely d…

Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung kontrastiv

2021

Abstract Während die Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung von Nomina und Nominalisierungen fürs Deutsche gut untersucht ist, stellt sie für viele andere Sprachen, in denen ebenfalls eine (wenn auch kurzlebige) Tendenz zur satzinternen Großschreibung festzustellen ist, ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir methodische Überlegungen zur kontrastiven Untersuchung der Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung im Deutschen, Englischen und Niederländischen vor und diskutieren die Ergebnisse erster Pilotstudien. Neben übergreifenden Tendenzen zeigen sich auch deutliche Unterschiede, aus denen sich die Notwendigkeit zu einer differenzierten Betrachtung der einzelsprachl…

Disfemia y ansiedad en el aprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera.

2019

espanolEste trabajo fundamentalmente cualitativo explora la interrelacion entre disfemia, ansiedad en una lengua extranjera (ALE), y aprendizaje de ingles para identificar las areas de mayor dificultad de aprendizaje en estudiantes disfemicos adolescentes y adultos espanoles aprendices de esta lengua. De una muestra de treinta y dos alumnos, dieciseis con disfemia (ACD) y dieciseis sin disfemia (ASD), se analizaron entrevistas realizadas con los primeros, y se compararon sus respuestas con las de los ASD a dos escalas de ALE. Los resultados indican que la disfemia y la ALE afec-tan al aprendizaje linguistico de los ACD negativamente, provocando el rechazo de su identidad linguistica. La lec…