Search results for " Low"

showing 10 items of 972 documents

The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA

2012

We propose the liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) as a next-generation neutrino observatory on the scale of 50 kt. The outstanding successes of the Borexino and KamLAND experiments demonstrate the large potential of liquid-scintillator detectors in low-energy neutrino physics. LENA's physics objectives comprise the observation of astrophysical and terrestrial neutrino sources as well as the investigation of neutrino oscillations. In the GeV energy range, the search for proton decay and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments complement the low-energy program. Based on the considerable expertise present in European and international research groups, the …

Neutrino detectors; Liquid-scintillator detectors; Low-energy neutrinos; Proton decay; Longbaseline neutrino beamsParticle physicsPhysics - Instrumentation and Detectors[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]Physics::Instrumentation and DetectorsSolar neutrinoAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaLongbaseline neutrino beamsFOS: Physical sciencesLow-energy neutrinos7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentNONuclear physicsLiquid-scintillator detectorsHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)0103 physical sciences[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex][PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Neutrino detectorsNeutrino oscillationInstrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)010303 astronomy & astrophysicsBorexinoPhysics010308 nuclear & particles physicsFísicaAstronomy and AstrophysicsInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Proton decaySolar neutrino problem[SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]Neutrino detectorddc:540Measurements of neutrino speedHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNeutrinoNeutrino astronomyAstrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
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Poly(alkylidenamines) dendrimers as scaffolds for the preparation of low-generation ruthenium based metallodendrimers

2011

The aim of this article is to highlight the use of nitrile-functionalized poly(alkylidenamines) dendrimers as building blocks for the preparation of low-generation ruthenium based cationic metallodendrimers having in view potential biomedical applications. Air-stable poly(alkylidenamines) nitrile dendrimers, peripherally functionalized with the ruthenium moieties [Ru(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2]+ or [RuCl(dppe)2]+, have been prepared, characterized and are being studied for their anticancer activity. The followed strategy is based on the biological advantages associated with low-generation dendrimers, the known activity of ruthenium compounds as anticancer drugs and the stability of these dendrimers at…

NitrileMetallodendrimersCationic polymerizationchemistry.chemical_elementPreparation of low-generation rutheniumPoly(alkylidenamines) dendrimersLow-generation rutheniumGeneral Chemistry.Combinatorial chemistryRutheniumCatalysisRutheniumFaculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenhariachemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryDendrimerMaterials ChemistryOrganic chemistryRuthenium Compoundsta116New Journal of Chemistry
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Influence Of The Model Parameters On The Noise Performance Of Double-polysilicon BJTs For Microwave LNA's

1997

In the recent post we have measured the noise and the scattering parameters of several series of double polysilicon BJT's over the 2-6 GHz frequency range at different collector current values, according to their emitter finger number. From the experimental data, a noisy circuit model has been extracted based on a T-equivalent network. By means of the correlation matrix techniques, novel analytical expressions of the noise parameters have been derived. As a second step, a sensitivity analysis has been performed for evaluating the influence of each model element on the noise performance. The results show how to improve the characteristics of such devices for a better performance when employe…

Noise temperatureEngineeringNoise measurementbusiness.industryDouble polysilicon bipolar junction transistors Low noise amplifiers (LNA) noise modelsY-factorLow noise amplifiers (LNA)Noise figureNoise (electronics)noise modelsDouble polysilicon bipolar junction transistorsNoise generatorPhase noiseElectronic engineeringFlicker noisebusiness27th European Microwave Conference and Exhibition
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Typical Aspects of the Microwave Noise Performance of HEMTs at Decreasing Temperatures

1996

In analog signal processing at microwave frequencies the noise performance of active devices is of fundamental importance for the accurate design of low-noise amplifiers. To this aim, the determination of the four noise parameters F O , Γ O (complex variable) and Rn has to be accomplished together with the usual scattering parameter measurements vs. frequency. In addition, the dependence of the device performance vs. temperature is of interest for circuit applications characterized by harsh environmental conditions. In this work the noise behavior of high electron mobility transistors has been investigated by means of measurements and modeling in the 2-18 GHz frequency range and as a functi…

Noise temperatureMaterials sciencemicrowavebusiness.industryNoise spectral densitynoise parametersGeneral Physics and Astronomy020206 networking & telecommunicationsY-factor02 engineering and technologyHigh-electron-mobility transistorHEMT; microwave; noise parameters; low temperaturelow temperatureNoise figureNoise (electronics)[PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringOptoelectronicsEquivalent circuitbusinessMicrowaveHEMT
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Deciphering the Macroeconomic Effects of Internal Devaluations in a Monetary Union

2020

We study the macroeconomic effects of internal devaluations undertaken by a periphery of countries belonging to a monetary union. We find that internal devaluations have large and positive output effects in the long run. Through an expectations channel, most of these effects carry over to the short run. Internal devaluations focused on goods markets reforms are generally more powerful in stimulating growth than reforms aimed at moderating wages, but the latter are less deflationary. For a monetary union with a periphery the size of the euro area's, the countries at the periphery benefit from internal devaluations even at the zero lower bound (ZLB) of the nominal interest rate. Nevertheless,…

Nominal interest rateShort runDownloadCarry (investment)Zero lower boundEconomicsDeveloping countryInternal devaluationMonetary economicsDeflationSSRN Electronic Journal
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LCRT: A ToA Based Mobile Terminal Localization Algorithm in NLOS Environment

2009

©2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Article also available from publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073644 Non line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation in range measurement is a key problem for mobile terminal localization. This paper proposes a low computational residual test (LCRT) algorithm that can identify the number of line-of-sight (LOS) transmissions and reduce the computational com…

Non-line-of-sight propagationTime of arrivalComputational complexity theoryVDP::Technology: 500::Information and communication technology: 550::Telecommunication: 552Range (statistics)Probability density functionResidualCramér–Rao boundAlgorithmUpper and lower boundsMathematics
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A kriging interpolation strategy for the optimization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biomass production using fed-batch bioreactors

2008

In this work, a procedure for the optimization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biomass production in fed-batch reactors using a model based on optimal spatial interpolation of experimental data is proposed. The approach is useful in those cases where specific growth and substrate consumption rates are unknown. Based on interpolation, the optimal values of biomass and substrate concentrations set points are obtained at the minimum of 2-dimensional cost function. In the fed-batch reactor biomass and substrate concentrations are controlled at their set points by changing the input flow and its concentration. We propose a minimum variance control strategy which improves the classical proporti…

Nonlinear systemMinimum-variance unbiased estimatorChemistryKrigingMaterials ChemistryMetals and AlloysBiomassFunction (mathematics)Biological systemUpper and lower boundsIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringInterpolationMultivariate interpolationHydrometallurgy
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Large two-dimensional electronic systems: Self-consistent energies and densities at low cost

2013

We derive a self-consistent local variant of the Thomas-Fermi approximation for (quasi-) two-dimensional (2D) systems by localizing the Hartree term. The scheme results in an explicit orbital-free representation of the electron density and energy in terms of the external potential, the number of electrons, and the chemical potential determined upon normalization. We test the method over a variety 2D nanostructures by comparing to the Kohn-Sham 2D local-density approximation (LDA) calculations up to 600 electrons. Accurate results are obtained in view of the negligible computational cost. We also assess a local upper bound for the Hartree energy. Peer reviewed

Normalization (statistics)Electron densityThomas-Fermi approximationta221educationFOS: Physical sciencesquantum dotsElectron114 Physical sciencesUpper and lower boundsCondensed Matter - Strongly Correlated ElectronsQuantum mechanicsMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)Electronic systemsta218density functional theoryPhysicsta214ta114Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale PhysicsStrongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)HartreeCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsComputational physicsorbital free functionalQuantum dotDensity functional theory
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Alanine films for EPR dosimetry of low-energy (1–30 keV) X-ray photons

2019

Abstract L- α -alanine has aroused considerable interest for use in radiation EPR dosimetry and has been formally accepted as a secondary standard for high-dose (kGy) and transfer dosimetry of high-energy photons and electrons. In this work, we extended the investigation of the energy response of alanine EPR films in the low energy range for X-photons (1–30 keV). Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements were performed on Kodak BioMax alanine films exposed to low-energy X-rays from a Cu-, W- and Mo-targets tube operating at voltages up to 30 kV. Films were chosen because of the low penetration of the soft X-rays used. The response of alanine to low-energy X-rays was characterized e…

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsAlanineLow energy photonsPhotonMaterials scienceAttenuationMonte Carlo methodSynchrotron radiationElectronLow energy photonAlanine; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Low energy photonsRadiation030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaginglaw.invention03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinelaw030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDosimetryElectron paramagnetic resonanceAtomic physicsElectron paramagnetic resonanceInstrumentationNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
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Quantum algorithms for search with wildcards and combinatorial group testing

2012

We consider two combinatorial problems. The first we call "search with wildcards": given an unknown n-bit string x, and the ability to check whether any subset of the bits of x is equal to a provided query string, the goal is to output x. We give a nearly optimal O(sqrt(n) log n) quantum query algorithm for search with wildcards, beating the classical lower bound of Omega(n) queries. Rather than using amplitude amplification or a quantum walk, our algorithm is ultimately based on the solution to a state discrimination problem. The second problem we consider is combinatorial group testing, which is the task of identifying a subset of at most k special items out of a set of n items, given the…

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and Astronomy0102 computer and information sciences01 natural sciencesUpper and lower boundsTheoretical Computer ScienceCombinatoricsSet (abstract data type)Amplitude amplification0103 physical sciencesQuantum walk010306 general physicsMathematical PhysicsMathematicsQuantum PhysicsQuery stringComputer Science::Information RetrievalString (computer science)Statistical and Nonlinear PhysicsWildcard charactercomputer.file_formatComputational Theory and Mathematics010201 computation theory & mathematicsQuantum algorithmQuantum Physics (quant-ph)computerQuantum Information and Computation
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