Search results for " Mathematics"

showing 10 items of 10797 documents

Host–virus evolutionary dynamics with specialist and generalist infection strategies: Bifurcations, bistability, and chaos

2019

In this work, we have investigated the evolutionary dynamics of a generalist pathogen, e.g., a virus population, that evolves toward specialization in an environment with multiple host types. We have particularly explored under which conditions generalist viral strains may rise in frequency and coexist with specialist strains or even dominate the population. By means of a nonlinear mathematical model and bifurcation analysis, we have determined the theoretical conditions for stability of nine identified equilibria and provided biological interpretation in terms of the infection rates for the viral specialist and generalist strains. By means of a stability diagram, we identified stable fixed…

BistabilityPopulationGeneral Physics and AstronomyDynamical Systems (math.DS)Fixed pointParameter spaceBiologyGeneralist and specialist speciesModels Biological01 natural sciencesStability (probability)010305 fluids & plasmas0103 physical sciencesFOS: MathematicsHumansQuantitative Biology::Populations and EvolutionComputer SimulationMathematics - Dynamical SystemsQuantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution010306 general physicsEvolutionary dynamicseducationMathematical Physicseducation.field_of_studyApplied MathematicsDegenerate energy levelsPopulations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)Statistical and Nonlinear Physics3. Good healthNonlinear DynamicsEvolutionary biologyFOS: Biological sciencesHost-Pathogen InteractionsVirusesVirus Physiological Phenomena
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Bivariate nonlinear prediction to quantify the strength of complex dynamical interactions in short-term cardiovascular variability.

2005

A nonlinear prediction method for investigating the dynamic interdependence between short length time series is presented. The method is a generalization to bivariate prediction of the univariate approach based on nearest neighbor local linear approximation. Given the input and output series x and y, the relationship between a pattern of samples of x and a synchronous sample of y was approximated with a linear polynomial whose coefficients were estimated from an equation system including the nearest neighbor patterns in x and the corresponding samples in y. To avoid overfitting and waste of data, the training and testing stages of the prediction were designed through a specific out-of-sampl…

Bivariate time seriePhysics::Medical PhysicsBiomedical EngineeringBlood PressureBivariate analysisOverfittingCross-validationk-nearest neighbors algorithmCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaHealth Information ManagementHeart RateTilt-Table TestStatisticsApplied mathematicsHumansComputer SimulationPredictabilityHeart rate variabilityMathematicsHealth InformaticBaroreflex controlSystolic arterial pressure variabilityUnivariateModels CardiovascularNonlinear predictionComputer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionComputer Science ApplicationsNonlinear systemComputational Theory and MathematicsNonlinear DynamicsLinear approximationMedicalbiological engineeringcomputing
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Black Holes in Extended Gravity Theories in Palatini Formalism

2013

We consider several physical scenarios where black holes within classical gravity theories including R 2 and Ricci-squared corrections and formulated a la Palatini can be analytically studied.

Black holePhysicsGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyFormalism (philosophy of mathematics)Classical mechanicsAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaField equation
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A Robust Generic Method for Grid Detection in White Light Microscopy Malassez Blade Images in the Context of Cell Counting

2015

AbstractIn biology, cell counting is a primary measurement and it is usually performed manually using hemocytometers such as Malassez blades. This work is tedious and can be automated using image processing. An algorithm based on Fourier transform filtering and the Hough transform was developed for Malassez blade grid extraction. This facilitates cell segmentation and counting within the grid. For the present work, a set of 137 images with high variability was processed. Grids were accurately detected in 98% of these images.

Blade (geometry)Computer scienceMalassezImage processingContext (language use)Saccharomyces cerevisiaeHough transformlaw.inventionSet (abstract data type)symbols.namesakeOpticslawimage analysisMicroscopy[ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image ProcessingImage Processing Computer-AssistedComputer visionInstrumentationcell segmentationMicroscopybusiness.industrymorphological mathematicsGridFourier transformHough transform[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV]symbolsFourier transformArtificial intelligencebusinessAlgorithms
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Blind deconvolution using TV regularization and Bregman iteration

2005

In this paper we formulate a new time dependent model for blind deconvolution based on a constrained variational model that uses the sum of the total variation norms of the signal and the kernel as a regularizing functional. We incorporate mass conservation and the nonnegativity of the kernel and the signal as additional constraints. We apply the idea of Bregman iterative regularization, first used for image restoration by Osher and colleagues [S.J. Osher, M. Burger, D. Goldfarb, J.J. Xu, and W. Yin, An iterated regularization method for total variation based on image restoration, UCLA CAM Report, 04-13, (2004)]. to recover finer scales. We also present an analytical study of the model disc…

Blind deconvolutionDeblurringMathematical optimizationBregman divergenceTotal variation denoisingRegularization (mathematics)Electronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsKernel (image processing)Iterated functionApplied mathematicsComputer Vision and Pattern RecognitionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringSoftwareImage restorationMathematicsInternational Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology
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A time evolution model for total-variation based blind deconvolution

2007

Departamento Matematica Aplicada, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Spain.We propose a time evolution model for total-variation based blind deconvolution consisting of two evolution equations evolv-ing the signal by means of a nonlinear scale space method and the kernel by using a diffusion equation starting from the zerosignal and a delta function respectively. A preliminary numerical test consisting of blind deconvolution of a noiseless blurredimage is presented.

Blind deconvolutionMathematical optimizationNonlinear systemsymbols.namesakeDiffusion equationKernel (image processing)symbolsTime evolutionApplied mathematicsDirac delta functionNumerical testsMathematicsScale spacePAMM
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Bergman and Bloch spaces of vector-valued functions

2003

We investigate Bergman and Bloch spaces of analytic vector-valued functions in the unit disc. We show how the Bergman projection from the Bochner-Lebesgue space Lp(, X) onto the Bergman space Bp(X) extends boundedly to the space of vector-valued measures of bounded p-variation Vp(X), using this fact to prove that the dual of Bp(X) is Bp(X*) for any complex Banach space X and 1 < p < ∞. As for p = 1 the dual is the Bloch space ℬ(X*). Furthermore we relate these spaces (via the Bergman kernel) with the classes of p-summing and positive p-summing operators, and we show in the same framework that Bp(X) is always complemented in p(X). (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Bloch spacePure mathematicsBergman spaceGeneral MathematicsBounded functionMathematical analysisBanach spaceInterpolation spaceSpace (mathematics)Bergman kernelReproducing kernel Hilbert spaceMathematicsMathematische Nachrichten
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Essential norm estimates for composition operators on BMOA

2013

Abstract We provide two function-theoretic estimates for the essential norm of a composition operator C φ acting on the space BMOA; one in terms of the n-th power φ n of the symbol φ and one which involves the Nevanlinna counting function. We also show that if the symbol φ is univalent, then the essential norm of C φ is comparable to its essential norm on the Bloch space.

Bloch spacePure mathematicsMathematics::Complex VariablesComposition operator010102 general mathematicsMathematical analysis01 natural sciencesBounded mean oscillation010101 applied mathematicsCompact spaceNorm (mathematics)0101 mathematicsOperator normAnalysisMathematicsJournal of Functional Analysis
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Atomic Decomposition of Weighted Besov Spaces

1996

We find the atomic decomposition of functions in the weighted Besov spaces under certain factorization conditions on the weight. Introduction. After achieving the atomic decomposition of Hardy spaces (see [8,22, 33]), many of the function saces have been shown to admit similar decompositions. Let us mention the decomposition of B.M.O. (see [32, 25]), Bergman spaces (see [9, 23]), the predual of Bloch space (see [ 11]), Besov spaces (see [15, 4, 10]), Lipschitz spaces (see [18]), Triebel-Lizorkin spaces (see [16, 31]),... They are obtained by quite different methods, but there is a unified and beautiful approach to get the decomposition for most of the spaces. This is the use of a formula du…

Bloch spacesymbols.namesakePure mathematicsFactorizationGeneral MathematicsSchur's lemmasymbolsBesov spacePredualDirect proofHardy spaceLipschitz continuityMathematicsJournal of the London Mathematical Society
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Iterative sparse matrix-vector multiplication for accelerating the block Wiedemann algorithm over GF(2) on multi-graphics processing unit systems

2012

SUMMARY The block Wiedemann (BW) algorithm is frequently used to solve sparse linear systems over GF(2). Iterative sparse matrix–vector multiplication is the most time-consuming operation. The necessity to accelerate this step is motivated by the application of BW to very large matrices used in the linear algebra step of the number field sieve (NFS) for integer factorization. In this paper, we derive an efficient CUDA implementation of this operation by using a newly designed hybrid sparse matrix format. This leads to speedups between 4 and 8 on a single graphics processing unit (GPU) for a number of tested NFS matrices compared with an optimized multicore implementation. We further present…

Block Wiedemann algorithmComputer Networks and CommunicationsComputer scienceGraphics processing unitSparse matrix-vector multiplicationGPU clusterParallel computingGF(2)Computer Science ApplicationsTheoretical Computer ScienceGeneral number field sieveMatrix (mathematics)Computational Theory and MathematicsFactorizationLinear algebraMultiplicationComputer Science::Operating SystemsSoftwareInteger factorizationSparse matrixConcurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience
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