Search results for " Movement"
showing 10 items of 1376 documents
CXCL10 and IL-6 induce chemotaxis in human trophoblast cell lines.
2008
The investigation of trophoblast chemoattractive molecules in humans is of high interest for the reproductive field. Current evidence in ruminants demonstrates that CXCL10, formerly the interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is a potent chemotactic molecule implicated in the migration of trophoblast cells during early gestation. The aim of this work was to explore the existence of CXCL10/CXCR3 in the human model. Furthermore, chemotaxis assays were performed to demonstrate CXCL10 chemotactic activity in the human trophoblast cell lines JEG-3 and AC-1M88. Surprisingly, the conditioned media from epithelial endometrial cells (EEC) induced the highest trophoblast migration rate. Cytoki…
Can colours be used to segment words when reading?
2015
Rayner, Fischer, and Pollatsek (1998, Vision Research) demonstrated that reading unspaced text in Indo-European languages produces a substantial reading cost in word identification (as deduced from an increased word-frequency effect on target words embedded in the unspaced vs. spaced sentences) and in eye movement guidance (as deduced from landing sites closer to the beginning of the words in unspaced sentences). However, the addition of spaces between words comes with a cost: nearby words may fall outside high-acuity central vision, thus reducing the potential benefits of parafoveal processing. In the present experiment, we introduced a salient visual cue intended to facilitate the process…
Eye Movement Involvement in Parry-Romberg Syndrome: A Clinicopathologic Case Report
2008
We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who developed a progressive bilateral disease in which the eye motility disorder-diplopia-is the outstanding feature over a period of 12 years. The muscle biopsy of the medial rectus muscle did not show any trace of striated muscle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pathological report in an affected extraocular muscle of a patient with Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS). Previous rare reports of diplopia in PRS have been attributed to enophthalmos, progressive atrophy of the orbit, ocular motor nerve dysfunction, or mechanical restrictions.
Ski jumping boots limit effective take-off in ski jumping
2002
In this study, we measured the vertical and horizontal take-off forces, plantar pressures and activation patterns of four muscles (vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) in 10 ski jumpers in simulated laboratory conditions when wearing either training shoes or ski jumping boots. We found significant differences in vertical (P < 0.001), horizontal (P < 0.05) and resultant (P < 0.001) take-off velocities and vertical force impulse (P < 0.01). We found no significant differences in the jumpers' initial take-off positions; however, the jumping boots condition resulted in a smaller displacement in the final position of the following joint angles: ankle angle (P < 0.…
Dissociating spatial and letter-based word length effects observed in readers’ eye movement patterns
2011
In previous eye movement research on word length effects, spatial width has been confounded with the number of letters. McDonald (2006) unconfounded these factors by rendering all words in sentences in constant spatial width. In the present study, the Arial font with proportional letter spacing was used for varying the number of letters while equating for spatial width, while the Courier font with monospaced letter spacing was used to measure the contribution of spatial width to the observed word length effect. Number of letters in words affected single fixation duration on target words, whereas words’ spatial width determined fixation locations in words and the probability of skipping a wo…
Does Extra Interletter Spacing Help Text Reading in Skilled Adult Readers?
2016
AbstractA number of experiments have shown that, in skilled adult readers, a small increase in interletter spacing speeds up the process of visual word recognition relative to the default settings (i.e., judge faster than judge). The goal of the present experiment was to examine whether this effect can be generalized to a more ecological scenario: text reading. Each participant read two stories (367 words each) taken from a standardized reading test. The stories were presented with the standard interletter spacing or with a small increase in interletter spacing (+1.2 points to default) in a within-subject design. An eyetracker was used to register the participants’ eye movements. Comprehens…
Erratum to: Donor age and long-term culture do not negatively influence the stem potential of limbal fibroblast-like stem cells
2016
In regenerative medicine the maintenance of stem cell properties is of crucial importance. Ageing is considered a cause of reduced stemness capability. The limbus is a stem niche of easy access and harbors two stem cell populations: epithelial stem cells and fibroblast-like stem cells. Our aim was to investigate whether donor age and/or long-term culture have any influence on stem cell marker expression and the profiles in the fibroblast-like stem cell population.Fibroblast-like stem cells were isolated and digested from 25 limbus samples of normal human corneo-scleral rings and long-term cultures were obtained. SSEA4 expression and sphere-forming capability were evaluated; cytofluorimetric…
Direction-dependent activation of the insular cortex during vertical and horizontal hand movements
2016
International audience; The planning of any motor action requires a complex multisensory processing by the brain. Gravity - immutable on Earth - has been shown to be a key input to these mechanisms. Seminal fMRI studies performed during visual perception of falling objects and self-motion demonstrated that humans represent the action of gravity in parts of the cortical vestibular system; in particular, the insular cortex and the cerebellum. However, little is known as to whether a specific neural network is engaged when processing non-visual signals relevant to gravity. We asked participants to perform vertical and horizontal hand movements without visual control, while lying in a 3T-MRI sc…
Autoreactive liver-infiltrating T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis recognize inner mitochondrial epitopes and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
1993
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by lymphoid infiltrates in the portal tracts of the liver and the occurrence of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in serum directed against components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the other alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. These enzymes are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The destruction of the biliary tract in PBC is thought to be mediated by autoreactive liver-infiltrating T cells exerting cytotoxic activity or releasing certain lymphokines. In this study the reactivity of liver infiltrating T cells was shown to a bovine pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), a purified E2 subunit (PDH-E2) and a crude prepara…
Does the coordination between posture and movement during human whole-body reaching ensure center of mass stabilization?
1999
The whole-body center of mass (CoM) has been classically regarded as the stabilized reference value for human voluntary movements executed upon a fixed base of support. Axial synergies (opposing displacements of head and trunk with hip segments) are believed to minimize antero-posterior (A/P) CoM displacements during forward trunk movements. It is also widely accepted that anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) create forces of inertia that counteract disturbances arising from the moving segment(s). In the present study, we investigated CoM stabilization by axial synergies and APAs during a whole-body reaching task. Subjects reached towards an object placed on the ground in front of them …