Search results for " Persistence"
showing 10 items of 57 documents
Effective treatment of allergic airway inflammation with Helicobacter pylori immunomodulators requires BATF3-dependent dendritic cells and IL-10
2014
The prevalence of allergic asthma and other atopic diseases has reached epidemic proportions in large parts of the developed world. The gradual loss of the human indigenous microbiota has been held responsible for this trend. The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a constituent of the normal gastric microbiota whose presence has been inversely linked to allergy and asthma in humans and experimental models. Here we show that oral or i.p. tolerization with H. pylori extract prevents the airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchoalveolar eosinophilia, pulmonary inflammation, and Th2 cytokine production that are hallmarks of allergen-induced asthma in mice. Asthma protection is not conferred by…
Autocorrelation Metrics to Estimate Soil Moisture Persistence From Satellite Time Series: Application to Semiarid Regions
2021
Satellite-derived soil moisture (SM) products have become an important information source for the study of land surface processes in hydrology and land monitoring. Characterizing and estimating soil memory and persistence from satellite observations is of paramount relevance, and has deep implications in ecology, water management, and climate modeling. In this work, we address the problem of SM persistence estimation from microwave sensors using several autocorrelation metrics that, unlike traditional approaches, build on accurate estimates of the autocorrelation function from nonuniformly sampled time series. We show how the choice of the autocorrelation estimator can have a dramatic impac…
Understanding retention and metabolization of aroma compounds using an in vitro model of oral mucosa.
2020
International audience; The mechanism leading to aroma persistence during eating is not fully described. This study aims at better understanding the role of the oral mucosa in this phenomenon. Release of 14 volatile compounds from different chemical classes was studied after exposure to in vitro models of oral mucosa, at equilibrium by Gas-Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and in dynamic conditions by Proton Transfer Reaction- Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Measurements at equilibrium showed that mucosal hydration reduced the release of only two compounds, pentan-2-one and linalool (p < 0.05), and suggested that cells could metabolize aroma compounds from different chemical fa…
Topology-based goodness-of-fit tests for sliced spatial data
2023
In materials science and many other application domains, 3D information can often only be extrapolated by taking 2D slices. In topological data analysis, persistence vineyards have emerged as a powerful tool to take into account topological features stretching over several slices. In the present paper, we illustrate how persistence vineyards can be used to design rigorous statistical hypothesis tests for 3D microstructure models based on data from 2D slices. More precisely, by establishing the asymptotic normality of suitable longitudinal and cross-sectional summary statistics, we devise goodness-of-fit tests that become asymptotically exact in large sampling windows. We illustrate the test…
On the Asymmetric Recognition of Good and Bad News in France, Germany and the United Kingdom
2001
We investigate whether accounting systems recognise bad news more promptly in earnings than good news, where news is proxied by changes in share price. The analysis is based on a sample of firm/years drawn from France, Germany, and the UK during 1990 to 1998. These three countries are the originators of three distinct legal traditions. Previous studies have argued that asymmetric recognition, one manifestation of conservative accounting, is sensitive to legal background and history. We find that in all three countries the contemporaneous association between earnings and returns is much stronger for bad news (i.e. when price changes are negative) than for good news, and although the results …
Nonlinear GARCH models for highly persistent volatility
2005
In this paper we study new nonlinear GARCH models mainly designed for time series with highly persistent volatility. For such series, conventional GARCH models have often proved unsatisfactory because they tend to exaggerate volatility persistence and exhibit poor forecasting ability. Our main emphasis is on models that are similar to previously introduced smooth transition GARCH models except for the novel feature that a lagged value of conditional variance is used as the transition variable. This choice of the transition variable corresponds to the idea that high persistence in conditional variance is related to relatively infrequent changes in regime. U sing the theory of Markov chains w…
The Origins of Lactase Persistence in Europe
2009
Lactase persistence (LP) is common among people of European ancestry, but with the exception of some African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian groups, is rare or absent elsewhere in the world. Lactase gene haplotype conservation around a polymorphism strongly associated with LP in Europeans (−13,910 C/T) indicates that the derived allele is recent in origin and has been subject to strong positive selection. Furthermore, ancient DNA work has shown that the −13,910*T (derived) allele was very rare or absent in early Neolithic central Europeans. It is unlikely that LP would provide a selective advantage without a supply of fresh milk, and this has lead to a gene-culture coevolutionary model w…
Lactase persistence and milk consumption in Europe: an interdisciplinary approach involving genetics and archeology:
2013
The ability to digest milk during adulthood (lactase persistence) is a genetically determined trait present only in humans. Its origin and diffusion are correlated with the development of pastoralism and the consumption of fresh milk. This work will present the genetic and archaeologi- cal data that allow the reconstruction of the co-evolutionary process between dairying culture and lactase persistence, as well as a discussion of the chronology and the way lactase persistence spread in Europe. Sposobnost presnavljanja mleka v odrasli dobi (laktazna persistenca) je genetsko pogojena značilnost, navzoča le pri ljudeh. Njen izvor in razširitev sta povezana z razvojem pastirstva in uživanjem sv…
Real-world effectiveness of long acting aripiprazole: Treatment persistence and its correlates in the Italian clinical practice
2019
Abstract Objectives To identify the variables that are associated with persistence to Aripiprazole-Long Acting (A-LAI), in adult patients with schizophrenia. Methods Observational, retrospective, non-interventional study involving 261 patients with schizophrenia. Results Eighty-six percent of study subjects were persistent for at least 6 months. All subjects with baseline CGI-S of 1 or 2, 95% of subjects with CGI-S of 3, 86% with CGI-S of 4, 82% of subjects with CGI-S of 5, 73% of subjects with CGI of 6 and 90% of subjects with CGI of 7 were persistent. A-LAI treatment continuation rate was higher in patients with: 1) baseline CGI score ≤ 4; 2) schizophrenia dimension (LDPS) mania score ≤ 5…
Multiclass HCV resistance to direct-acting antiviral failure in real-life patients advocates for tailored second-line therapies
2017
Background & Aims: Despite the excellent efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) reported in clinical trials, virological failures can occur, often associated with the development of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). This study aimed to characterize the presence of clinically relevant RASs to all classes in real-life DAA failures. Methods: Of the 200 virological failures that were analyzed in 197 DAA-treated patients, 89 with pegylated-interferon+ribavirin (PegIFN+RBV) and 111 without (HCV-1a/1b/1g/2/3/4=58/83/1/6/24/25; 56.8% treatment experienced; 65.5% cirrhotic) were observed. Sanger sequencing of NS3/NS5A/NS5B was performed by home-made protocols, at failure (N= 200) and w…