Search results for " Plastic"
showing 10 items of 3463 documents
Freestyle-Like V-Y Flaps of the Eyebrow: A New Outlook and Indication of an Historical Technique
2013
The eyebrow region is of utmost importance for facial movement, symmetry, and the overall cosmetic appearance of the face. Trauma or tumor resection often leave scars that may dislocate the eyebrow producing an alteration both in static symmetry of the face and in the dynamic expressivity. The authors present a technique for eyebrow’s defects repair using the remaining eyebrow advancement by means of a “freestyle-like” V-Y flap. In the past two years a total of eight consecutive patients underwent excision of skin lesions in the superciliary region and immediate reconstruction with this technique. On histology, six patients were affected from basal cell carcinomas, one from squamous cell ca…
Polysomnographic Findings in Fragile X Syndrome Children with EEG Abnormalities
2019
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic syndrome with intellectual disability due to the loss of expression of the FMR1 gene located on chromosome X (Xq27.3). This mutation can suppress the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) with an impact on synaptic functioning and neuronal plasticity. Among associated sign and symptoms of this genetic condition, sleep disturbances have been already described, but few polysomnographic reports in pediatric age have been reported. This multicenter case-control study is aimed at assessing the sleep macrostructure and at analyzing the presence of EEG abnormalities in a cohort of FXS children. We enrolled children with FXS and, as controls, children wit…
Chronic antidepressant treatment induces contrasting patterns of synaptophysin and PSA-NCAM expression in different regions of the adult rat telencep…
2007
Structural modifications occur in the brain of severely depressed patients and they can be reversed by antidepressant treatment. Some of these changes do not occur in the same direction in different regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus or the amygdala. Differential structural plasticity also occurs in animal models of depression and it is also prevented by antidepressants. In order to know whether chronic fluoxetine treatment induces differential neuronal structural plasticity in rats, we have analyzed the expression of synaptophysin, a protein considered a marker of synaptic density, and the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecul…
Algorithm for clinical evaluation and surgical treatment of gynaecomastia.
2006
Algorithm for clinical evaluation and surgical treatment of gynaecomastia. Cordova A, Moschella F. Source Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche ed Oncologiche, Cattedra di Chirurgia Plastica e Ricostruttiva, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. adriana.cordova@excite.com Abstract BACKGROUND: Gynaecomastia can be classified on the basis of the main characterising factors, i.e. pathogenesis, histopathology and morphology. The morphological classifications of gynaecomastia currently made often use subjective parameters and qualifying adjectives. In this paper the authors propose a scheme for morphological classification of gynaecomastia which can serve as a guide for choosing th…
Short-term adaptation of conditioned fear responses through endocannabinoid signaling in the central amygdala
2010
International audience; Both, the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are known to play crucial roles in the processing of fear and anxiety, whereby they appear to be especially involved in the control of fear states. However, in contrast to many other brain regions including the cortical subregions of the amygdala, the existence of CB1 in the CeA remains enigmatic. Here we show that CB1 is expressed in the CeA of mice and that CB1 in the CeA mediates short-term synaptic plasticity, namely depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) and inhibition (DSI). Moreover, the CB1 antagonist AM251 increased both excitatory and inhibitory postsyn…
A critical period for experience-dependent remodeling of adult-born neuron connectivity.
2015
Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the adult hippocampus is a process regulated by experience. To understand whether experience also modifies the connectivity of new neurons, we systematically investigated changes in their innervation following environmental enrichment (EE). We found that EE exposure between 2-6 weeks following neuron birth, rather than merely increasing the number of new neurons, profoundly affected their pattern of monosynaptic inputs. Both local innervation by interneurons and to even greater degree long-distance innervation by cortical neurons were markedly enhanced. Furthermore, following EE, new neurons received inputs from CA3 and CA1 inhibitory neurons that w…
Mouse photoreceptor synaptic ribbons lose and regain material in response to illumination changes
2004
Abstract Chemical synapses equipped with ribbons are tonically active, high-output synapses. The ribbons may play a role in the trafficking of synaptic vesicles. Recent findings in retinal rod cells of BALB/c mice indicate that ribbons are large and smooth in the dark phase, and, due to the formation and release of protrusions, small during the light phase. As a consequence of these changes, ribbons may traffick fewer vesicles in the light than in the dark phases. The aim of the present study was to find out whether the above ribbon changes in this mouse strain are strictly illumination-dependent and which signalling processes may be involved. Here, we show that ribbons form protrusions and…
Ipsilateral versus contralateral spontaneous post-stroke neuroplastic changes: involvement of BDNF?
2013
International audience; Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. Although surviving patients exhibit a certain degree of restoration of function attributable to brain plasticity, the majority of stroke survivors has to struggle with persisting deficits. In order to potentiate post-stroke recovery, several rehabilitation therapies have been undertaken and many experimental studies have reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is central to many facets of neuroplastic processes. However, although BDNF role in brain plasticity is well characterized through strategies that manipulate its content, the involvement of this neurotrophin in spontan…
Hippocampal ripple-contingent training accelerates trace eyeblink conditioning and retards extinction in rabbits.
2010
There are at least two distinct oscillatory states of the hippocampus that are related to distinct behavioral patterns. Theta (4–12 Hz) oscillation has been suggested to indicate selective attention during which the animal concentrates on some features of the environment while suppressing reactivity to others. In contrast, sharp-wave ripples (∼200 Hz) can be seen in a state in which the hippocampus is at its most responsive to any kind of afferent stimulation. In addition, external stimulation tends to evoke and reset theta oscillation, the phase of which has been shown to modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Theoretically, training on a hippocampus-dependent learning task conti…
Matters of scale: positive allometry and the evolution of male dimorphisms
2005
J.L.T. was funded by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council research fellowship, J.S.K. by the Academy of Finland, and N.R.L. by a Natural Environment Research Council research fellowship. The developmental independence of alternative phenotypes is key to evolutionary theories of phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity. Male dimorphisms associated with alternative reproductive tactics are widely cited examples of such facultative expression of divergent fitness optima. Current models for the evolution of male dimorphisms invoke a size-dependent threshold at which the phenotype is reprogrammed. We use predictions derived from allometric modeling to test for the e…