Search results for " Regulation"

showing 10 items of 3187 documents

Retinoic Acid Induces Apoptosis-Associated Neural Differentiation of a Murine Teratocarcinoma Cell Line

2002

Abstract: Incubation with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induces PCC7-Mz1 embryonic carcinoma cells to cease proliferation and to develop into a tissue-like pattern of neuronal, astroglial, and fibroblast-like derivatives over a period of several days. Concomitant with the induction of differentiation by RA, a sizable fraction of the Mz1 stem cells detaches and dies, with the maximal level of cell death achieved after 10 h of RA treatment. This RA-induced cell death fulfills all criteria of apoptosis, including nuclear condensation, intranucleosomal DNA degradation, expression of cysteine aspases (caspases), and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Apoptosis could be suppressed by the pan-caspa…

TeratocarcinomaProgrammed cell deathCellular differentiationRetinoic acidApoptosisTretinoinBiochemistryMiceCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundGAP-43 ProteinTumor Cells CulturedAnimalsProtein Kinase CProtein kinase CCaspaseNeuronsbiologyCell DifferentiationGenes bcl-2Cell biologyGene Expression RegulationchemistryBiochemistryCell cultureApoptosisPhorbolbiology.proteinJournal of Neurochemistry

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Protective effect of paraoxonase-2 against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis is lost upon disturbance of calcium homoeostasis

2008

PON2 (paraoxonase-2) is a ubiquitously expressed antioxidative protein which is largely found in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). Addressing the cytoprotective functions of PON2, we observed that PON2 overexpression provided significant resistance to ER-stress-induced caspase 3 activation when the ER stress was induced by interference with protein modification (by tunicamycin or dithiothreitol), but not when ER stress was induced by disturbance of Ca2+ homoeostasis (by thapsigargin or A23187). When analysing the underlying molecular events, we found an activation of the PON2 promoter in response to all tested ER-stress-inducing stimuli. However, only tunicamycin and dithiothreitol resulted i…

ThapsigarginRNA StabilityApoptosisCaspase 3Protein degradationEndoplasmic ReticulumBiochemistryGene Expression Regulation EnzymologicCell Linechemistry.chemical_compoundStress PhysiologicalHomeostasisHumansEnzyme InhibitorsPromoter Regions Genetic3' Untranslated RegionsMolecular BiologyCalcimycinIonophoresbiologyAryldialkylphosphataseCalpainTunicamycinEndoplasmic reticulumCalpainCell BiologyTunicamycinCell biologyDithiothreitolchemistryApoptosisbiology.proteinUnfolded protein responseThapsigarginCalcium5' Untranslated RegionsBiochemical Journal

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Highly Efficient Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica): An Evaluation of VIGS as a Strategy to Obtain Fu…

2007

†Background and Aims Eschscholzia californica (California poppy) is an emerging model plant for ‘evo‐devo’ studies from the basal eudicot clade of Papaveraceae. California poppy has a relatively small genome, a short life cycle and, most importantly, it is amenable for transformation. However, since this transformation protocol is time consuming, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was evaluated as a fast method to obtain functional data for California poppy genes. †Methods Commercially available California poppy plants were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the tobacco rattle virus plasmids pTRV1 and pTRV2. pTRV2 contained part of the eschscholzia Phytoene Desaturase (EcP…

The Evolution of Plant DevelopmentRegulation of gene expressionGeneticsPhytoene desaturaseEschscholziabiologyCalifornia Poppyfungifood and beveragesFlowersPlant ScienceAgrobacterium tumefaciensbiology.organism_classificationEschscholziaPlant VirusesPlant LeavesGene Expression Regulation PlantTobacco rattle virusBotanyPapaveraceaeGene silencingGene SilencingOxidoreductasesAnnals of Botany

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La recente riforma della disciplina italiana del subappalto nella prospettiva del bid rigging

2023

L’articolo analizza in chiave critica la disciplina nazionale del subappalto nell’ambito delle gare pubbliche, così come recentemente riformata a seguito di diversi interventi normativi in ottemperanza alla procedura d’infrazione avviata dalla Commissione UE. Stando alla tesi dell’A., l’attuale quadro normativo – caratterizzato dalla quasi totale eliminazione delle limitazioni previgenti (probabilmente anche spingendosi oltre ciò che la Commissione UE ha richiesto) – difetta nel trovare un equo bilanciamento tra il principio della massima partecipazione alla gara, da un lato, e l’esigenza di prevenire e svelare potenziali condotte collusive, dall’altro. La suddetta conclusione, peraltro, ap…

The article critically analyzes the Italian regulation of subcontracting in the context of public tenders as recently amended by several legislative measures in compliance with the infringement procedure launched by the European Commission against Italy. According to the Author’s view the current legislative framework – characterized by the almost overall elimination of the previous limits (probably even going beyond what the European Commission requested) – lacks in finding a fair balance between the principle of the maximum participation in the tender on the one hand and the need to prevent and reveal potential collusive conduct on the other. Furthermore this conclusion is supported by the analysis of the regulation of the causes of exclusion from the tender still too timid in envisaging the optional exclusion of the participants due to anticompetitive conduct.

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Tutela e sicurezza del lavoro tra centro e periferia: la sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro

2013

Il saggio prende in esame la complessa questione del riparto di competenze tra Stato e Regioni alla luce del Titolo V della Costituzione in materia di salute e sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro. Il riparto di competenze tra centro e periferia è stato oggetto di una limitata analisi da parte della dottrina e della giurisprudenza, che si sono concentrate in particolare sulla disciplina del mercato del lavoro. L’Autore descrive un sistema multilivello, caratterizzato dalla compresenza di fonti nazionali e regionali, della contrattazione collettiva, nonché di codici di condotta. Sulla scorta di una ricostruzione del quadro normativo e dei percorsi della giurisprudenza, il saggio propone una lettur…

The essay examines the complex issue of the division of powers between the State and the Regions according to Title V of the Constitution concerning health and safety at workplace. This division between the center and the periphery has been subject to a limited review by doctrine and jurisprudence expecially focusing on the regulation of labour market. The Author describes a multilevel system characterized by the presence of national and regional sources collective bargaining and codes of conduct. On the basis of a reconstruction of the regulatory framework and the judicial statements the paper proposes a dynamic reading of the relationship between center and periphery in which the axis of the system remains however anchored to the national jurisdiction along with important regulatory issues left to the regional legislation.Settore IUS/07 - Diritto Del Lavoro

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Caloric compensation and eating in the absence of hunger in preschool children: evolution over 1 year and impact of an intervention focusing on inter…

2014

Invited communication in final symposiumInvited communication in final symposium; absent

TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUSfood intake regulationComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSIONTheoryofComputation_GENERALeating in absence of hungerGeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUSbmi[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutritionchildrencaloric compensationComputerApplications_GENERALevolutionfeeding practises[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutritionintervention

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The designer cytokine hyper-interleukin-6 is a potent activator of STAT3-dependent gene transcription in vivo and in vitro.

1999

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) triggers pivotal pathways in vivo. The designer protein hyper-IL-6 (H-IL-6) fuses the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) through an intermediate linker with IL-6. The intracellular pathways that are triggered by H-IL-6 are not defined yet. Therefore, we studied the molecular mechanisms leading to H-IL-6-dependent gene activation. H-IL-6 stimulates haptoglobin mRNA expression in HepG2 cells, which is transcriptionally mediated as assessed by run-off experiments. The increase in haptoglobin gene transcription correlates with higher nuclear translocation of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 and its DNA binding. As H-IL-6 stimulates STAT3-dependent gene transcription, we compared t…

Therapeutic gene modulationSTAT3 Transcription FactorTranscriptional ActivationTranscription GeneticRecombinant Fusion ProteinsResponse elementE-boxBiologyTransfectionBiochemistryCell LineMiceSp3 transcription factorAntigens CDCytokine Receptor gp130E2F1AnimalsHumansRNA MessengerPhosphorylationMolecular BiologyCell NucleusATF3Sp1 transcription factorMice Inbred C3HMembrane GlycoproteinsHaptoglobinsInterleukin-6Liver receptor homolog-1Biological TransportCell BiologyDNAReceptors InterleukinMolecular biologyReceptors Interleukin-6DNA-Binding ProteinsGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsTyrosineThe Journal of biological chemistry

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Thiosulfate Reduction in Salmonella enterica Is Driven by the Proton Motive Force

2012

ABSTRACT Thiosulfate respiration in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is catalyzed by the membrane-bound enzyme thiosulfate reductase. Experiments with quinone biosynthesis mutants show that menaquinol is the sole electron donor to thiosulfate reductase. However, the reduction of thiosulfate by menaquinol is highly endergonic under standard conditions (Δ E °′ = −328 mV). Thiosulfate reductase activity was found to depend on the proton motive force (PMF) across the cytoplasmic membrane. A structural model for thiosulfate reductase suggests that the PMF drives endergonic electron flow within the enzyme by a reverse loop mechanism. Thiosulfate reductase was able to catalyze the combined …

ThiosulfatesSulfurtransferaseElectron donorNaphtholsBiologyPhotochemistryMicrobiologyGene Expression Regulation Enzymologicchemistry.chemical_compoundElectron transferSulfiteEscherichia coliFormateMolecular BiologyExergonic reactionThiosulfateTerpenesChemiosmosisProton-Motive ForceSalmonella entericaGene Expression Regulation BacterialArticleschemistryBiochemistrySulfurtransferasesThermodynamicsProtonsOxidation-ReductionJournal of Bacteriology

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Il lavoro etero-organizzato prima e dopo il caso Foodora Italia.

2019

l contributo ripropone la discussione sull’esegesi della fattispecie disciplinata dall’art. 1 comma 2 del d. lgs. n. 81 del 2015 (nel testo anteriore alla riforma del 2019) trattata dall’autore nei Colloqui Giuridici sul Lavoro del 2015 (a cura) di Antonio Vallebona per il Massimario di Giurisprudenza del Lavoro. Lo studio rigettava la tesi che il lavoro organizzato dal committente fosse la terza fattispecie e anzi con riferimento delle condizioni di applicazione dimostrava la necessità di una lettura includente. La conclusione era che la nuova disciplina aveva natura antifraudolenta e determinava un allargamento (relativo) dell’area della subordinazione conseguente alla riduzione del cam…

This article republishes (after the Italian Supreme Court judgement n.166/2020 on the Foodora Italia case) the contribution to the exegesis of the case brought by art. 1 paragraph 2 of the d. lgs. n. 81 of 2015 (in the text before the 2019 reform) delivered by the author in the 2015's "Colloqui Giuridici sul Lavoro" (edited) by Antonio Vallebona for the "Massimario di Giurisprudenza del Lavoro". The study rejected the thesis that the job organised by the client was an intermediate regulation between the employee and the self-employed ones. Indeed regarding the conditions for its application it showed the need for extensive reading. The conclusion was that the new discipline was (and is) an anti-fraudulent one. It led to a (relative) expansion of the area ofsubordination as a consequence of a reduction in the scope of coordinated self-employed work. A little more than four years after that article the Italian Supreme Court (with the judgement n.166/2020) on the Foodora Italia case addresses for the first time the issue of the hetero-organised work (by art. 1 paragraph 2 of the d. lgs. n. 81 of 2015). The Supreme Court fully adheres to the paper's thesis. So in terms of the "remedial" function of the standardthe nature of the organisation's specific conditionand eventually reducing the legal frame for coordinated work. The fact that the procedural matter dealt with the riders was (then and now is) utterly irrelevant for the correct interpretation of such a new provision. Giving to riders of the employee status is not an effect of the peculiarities of the work through digital platforms. It is a consequence of the remedial nature of such a case-law.

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Taspase1: a 'misunderstood' protease with translational cancer relevance

2015

Proteolysis is not only a critical requirement for life, but the executing enzymes also play important roles in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer. Therefore, targeting proteases is clearly relevant for improving cancer patient care. However, to effectively control proteases, a profound knowledge of their mechanistic function as well as their regulation and downstream signalling in health and disease is required. The highly conserved protease Threonine Aspartase1 (Taspase1) is overexpressed in numerous liquid and solid malignancies and was characterized as a 'non-oncogene addiction' protease. Although Taspase1 was shown to cleave various regulatory proteins in humans as well…

Threonine0301 basic medicineCancer ResearchProteasesmedicine.medical_treatmentProteolysisComputational biologyDiseaseBiologyBioinformaticsmedicine.disease_causeAspartate Ammonia-LyaseGene Expression Regulation EnzymologicTranslational Research Biomedical03 medical and health sciencesNeoplasmsEndopeptidasesGeneticsmedicineHumansEnzyme InhibitorsMolecular BiologyProteaseMolecular Structuremedicine.diagnostic_testCancermedicine.diseaseGene Expression Regulation Neoplastic030104 developmental biologyProteasomeCarcinogenesisBiologieFunction (biology)Oncogene

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