Search results for " Reverse"

showing 10 items of 243 documents

Patterns of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Europe vary by risk group

2014

BACKGROUND: In Europe, a continuous programme (SPREAD) has been in place for ten years to study transmission of drug resistant HIV. We analysed time trends of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) in relation to the risk behaviour reported. METHODS: HIV-1 patients newly diagnosed in 27 countries from 2002 through 2007 were included. Inclusion was representative for risk group and geographical distribution in the participating countries in Europe. Trends over time were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: From the 4317 patients included, the majority was men-having-sex-with-men -MSM (2084, 48%), followed by heterosexuals (1501, 35%) and injection drug users (IDU) (355, 8%). MSM…

MaleEpidemiologygenotypeHuman immunodeficiency virus 1HIV InfectionsRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitorhigh risk patientLogistic regressionSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataMen who have sex with men0302 clinical medicineImmunodeficiency Virusesmiddle agedstatistics and numerical data10. No inequalitySubstance Abuse Intravenous0303 health sciencesadulttransmissionvirus diseasesvirus transmissionhighly active antiretroviral therapyHIV immunopathogenesis3. Good healthMedical MicrobiologyViral Pathogenshigh risk behaviorMedicineScience & Technology - Other TopicsPOPULATIONShealth programanti human immunodeficiency virus agentUSERSmedicine.medical_specialtyScienceSexual BehaviorImmunologySexually Transmitted Diseasesintravenous drug abuse-Microbiology03 medical and health sciencesAntibiotic resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHuman immunodeficiency virus infectionproteinase inhibitorHumansProtease InhibitorshumanHeterosexualityMicrobial PathogensseroconversionMedicine and health sciencesScience & TechnologyGenitourinary InfectionsMUTATIONSVirologymajor clinical studyLogistic Modelstransmitted drug resistance mutationHeterosexualityHIV-1Viral Diseases:Medical sciences: 700::Basic medical dental and veterinary sciences: 710::Medical immunology: 716 [VDP]drug responsemen who have sex with menDrug resistanceClinical immunologygeographyAPPEARANCEmale homosexualityMedizinische Fakultätimmune system diseasesEpidemiologyINFECTIONMedicine and Health Sciencessubstance abuse030212 general & internal medicineriskMultidisciplinaryACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPYTransmission (medicine)virus mutationQRarticleObstetrics and GynecologyHIV diagnosis and managementMiddle AgedvirologyMultidisciplinary SciencesEuropeInfectious Diseasesfemale:Medisinske fag: 700::Basale medisinske odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Medisinsk immunologi: 716 [VDP]Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorsHIV clinical manifestationsFemaleepidemiologyblood samplingHIV drug resistanceResearch ArticleAdultRiskrisk-groupAnti-HIV AgentsUrologyprevalenceInfectious Disease Epidemiologysexual behaviorRisk-Takingmaleantiviral resistanceInternal medicineDrug Resistance Viralmedicinecontrolled studyddc:610Homosexuality Male030304 developmental biologydrug resistanceBiology and life sciencesbusiness.industrystatistical modelHIVCD4 lymphocyte countheterosexualitynonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectionDiagnostic medicineINDIVIDUALSdrug effectsWomen's Healthbusinesstrend study
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Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 in Europe remains limited to single classes

2008

BACKGROUND: The spread of drug-resistant HIV-1 might compromise the future success of current first-line regimens. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the extent and impact of transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in Europe. DESIGN AND METHODS: The European prospective programme (SPREAD) collected demographic, clinical and virological data from 1245 HIV-1-infected individuals in 17 countries diagnosed in 2002-2003. The potential impact of transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) on therapy response was determined by using genotypic interpretation algorithms. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of viruses with drug-resistance mutations was 9.1% [96/1050; 95% confidence interval: 7.5-11.1]. The ma…

MaleGenes Viralmedicine.medical_treatmentResistanceHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)hiv-1HIV InfectionsDrug resistanceSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatamedicine.disease_causeNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorGenotypePrevalenceImmunology and AllergyHIV InfectionIsraelriskimmunodeficiency-virus type-1Transmission (medicine)transmissionpersistenceMiddle AgedReverse Transcriptase InhibitorEuropeInfectious Diseasesprimary infectionReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsFemaleeuropeHumanAdultRiskGenotypeLogistic ModelprevalenceImmunologyBiologyresistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingDrug Resistance ViralDisease Transmission InfectiousmedicineHumansTransmissionHIV Protease Inhibitortime trendstherapyChi-Square DistributionProteaseHIV Protease InhibitorsloadmutationsVirologyConfidence intervalReverse transcriptaseLogistic ModelsDisease Transmission InfectiouMutationHIV-1AIDS
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No pol mutation is associated independently with the lack of immune recovery in patients infected with HIV and failing antiretroviral therapy

2011

An investigation was undertaken to determine whether specific pol mutations hinder long-term immune recovery regardless of virological response. In total, 826 patients with >50 HIV RNA copies/ml, who underwent genotypic resistance testing between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003 after >3 years of antiretroviral treatment, and were followed up for >3 years after genotypic resistance testing, were analyzed retrospectively. The outcome of the study was the lack of immune recovery after >3 years of follow-up, defined as a slope by linear regression 50 copies/ml divided by the number of HIV RNA measurements during follow-up. Logistic regression was used for univariable and multivariable analy…

MaleHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceLogistic regressionResistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorCD4+ T-lymphocyteRetrospective StudieImmunopathologyAntiretroviral Therapy Highly ActiveResistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorgeneticsResistance to protease inhibitorHIV Infectionresistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsViralSidaresistance to protease inhibitorsbiologyReverse-transcriptase inhibitorViral LoadGenes poldrug therapy/immunology/virologyReverse Transcriptase InhibitorInfectious DiseasesTreatment Outcomeresistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugHumanpolAnti-HIV AgentsAntiretroviral TherapyViremiaInfectious DiseaseSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEpharmacology/therapeutic useAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)VirologyDrug Resistance ViralmedicineHumansHighly ActiveRetrospective StudiesAnti-HIV Agents; pharmacology/therapeutic use Antiretroviral Therapy; Highly Active CD4 Lymphocyte Count Drug Resistance; Viral; genetics Female Genes; pol HIV Infections; drug therapy/immunology/virology HIV-1; drug effects/enzymology/genetics Humans Male Mutation Retrospective Studies Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; therapeutic use Treatment Outcome Viral Loaddrug resistanceAnti-HIV Agentbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseVirologyCD4 Lymphocyte CountGenesdrug effects/enzymology/geneticstherapeutic useMutationCD4+ T-lymphocytesHIV-1
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Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

2016

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

MaleHuman immunodeficiency virus 1EtravirineRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitordarunavirHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Salud públicageneticsInhibidores de proteasas:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]atazanavirmedia_commontransmission:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings]3. Good healthmicrobial sensitivity testpriority journalEurope ; HIV-1 ; antiretroviral therapy ; drug resistance ; transmissionHIV/AIDSlamivudineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacologyanti human immunodeficiency virus agentDrugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyantiviral susceptibility:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings]media_common.quotation_subjectantiretroviral therapy030106 microbiologyHIV Infections/drug therapy:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]Microbial Sensitivity TestsRILPIVIRINEArticleEFAVIRENZ03 medical and health sciencestransmitted drug resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHumansTransmissionhuman:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings]REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORSRilpivirinaINTEGRASEMUTATIONSabacavirmajor clinical studyVirologyInfecciones por VIHRegimenAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Medicine (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseaseschemistryDrug resistance:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings]MutationHIV-10301 basic medicinenevirapineDrug resistanceCommunicable diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compoundantiviral therapyINFECTIONMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalence:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]ViralNon-U.S. Gov'tReverse-transcriptase inhibitorantiretrovirus agentResearch Support Non-U.S. Gov'tMedicine (all)Human immunodeficiency virus infected patientMiddle AgedvirologyPREVALENCEAntiretroviral therapyEncuestas y CuestionariosANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENTEuropeInfectious DiseasesHIV-1/drug effectsHIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyRilpivirineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleHIV drug resistancemedicine.drugAdultHuman immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings]EfavirenzAnti-HIV AgentsResearch SupportResistencia a medicamentosSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEantiviral resistanceInternal medicineAnti-HIV Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance ViralJournal Articlemedicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]abacavir plus lamivudineEuropa (Continente)Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Europe; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesemtricitabinenonhumanIntervalos de confianzadrug resistanceMutaciónAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmissionbusiness.industryHIVpredictionInhibidores de la transcriptasa inversaHIV Protease InhibitorsHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectiontenofovirINDIVIDUALSDrug Resistance Viral/geneticsBenzoxazinasETRAVIRINEdrug effects3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinePrevalenciabusiness
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Effects of typical inducers on olfactory xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and transcription factor expression in rats.

2010

International audience; Several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) have been identified in the olfactory mucosa (OM) of mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these enzymes have been little explored. In particular, information on the expression of the transcriptional factors in this tissue is quite limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of five typical inducers, Aroclor 1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, and ethoxyquin, on the activities and mRNA expression of several XMEs in the OM and in the liver of rats. We also evaluated the effects of these treatments on the mRNA expression of transcription factors an…

MaleLIVERMESH : Transcription FactorsMESH: Microsomes Liver[ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and NutritionPharmaceutical ScienceMESH : CytochromesMESH: Down-RegulationMESH: Membrane Transport ProteinsMESH : Down-RegulationCytosol0302 clinical medicineGlucocorticoid receptorMESH : Membrane Transport ProteinsMESH: CytosolMESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionGene expressionConstitutive androstane receptorMESH: Up-RegulationMESH: AnimalsReceptorMESH : Up-RegulationMESH: Cytochromes0303 health sciencesPregnane X receptorMESH : Metabolic Detoxication Phase IbiologyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMESH : RatsMESH : CytosolINDUCTIONMESH : Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMESH: Transcription FactorsUp-Regulation3. Good healthMESH : Microsomes LiverHYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE-ACTIVITYmedicine.anatomical_structurePHASE-IBiochemistryMESH: Metabolic Detoxication Phase IIEnzyme InductionMicrosomes LiverMESH: Metabolic Detoxication Phase IMESH: XenobioticsMESH: Enzyme InductionMESH: RatsMESH : MaleDown-RegulationMESH : XenobioticsPHENOL SULFOTRANSFERASEMESH : Rats WistarXenobiotics03 medical and health sciencesOlfactory mucosaOlfactory MucosamedicineAnimalsRats WistarMESH: Olfactory MucosaTranscription factor030304 developmental biologyPharmacologyMESH : Olfactory MucosaIDENTIFICATIONRECEPTORMESH : Enzyme InductionMembrane Transport ProteinsMESH : Metabolic Detoxication Phase IIUDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASEMESH: Rats WistarAryl hydrocarbon receptorORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERMolecular biologyMetabolic Detoxication Phase IIMESH: MaleRatsNASAL-MUCOSAbiology.proteinCytochromesMetabolic Detoxication Phase IMESH : Animals[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition030217 neurology & neurosurgeryTranscription Factors
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Molecular surveillance of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses circulating in Italy from May 2009 to February 2010: association between haemagglutinin …

2010

Haemagglutinin sequences of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses circulating in Italy were examined, focusing on amino acid changes at position 222 because of its suggested pathogenic relevance. Among 169 patients, the D222G substitution was detected in three of 52 (5.8%) severe cases and in one of 117 (0.9%) mild cases, whereas the D222E mutation was more frequent and evenly distributed in mild (31.6%) and severe cases (38.4%). A cluster of D222E viruses among school children confirms reported human-to-human transmission of viruses mutated at amino acid position 222.

MaleMolecular surveillance; Pandemic influenza A(H1N1); Haemagglutinin mutations; Italy from May 2009 to February 2010pandemic influenzasurveillance of pandemic influenza A(H1N1); Molecular surveillance; pandemic influenzaEpidemiologyvirusesHaemagglutinin mutationssurveillance of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatamedicine.disease_causeSeverity of Illness IndexInfluenza A Virus H1N1 SubtypePandemic influenza A(H1N1)PandemicInfluenza A VirusA(H1N1)ChildMutationReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionTransmission (medicine)Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Child; Child Preschool; Female; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Infant; Influenza A Virus H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Human; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Population Surveillance; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Young Adult; PandemicsMiddle AgedItaly from May 2009 to February 2010Molecular surveillance; pandemic influenza; A(H1N1); Italy; haemagglutinin mutationsHemagglutininsMolecular surveillanceItalyChild PreschoolPopulation SurveillanceFemaleHumanAdultAdolescentBiologyDisease clusterDisease courseYoung AdultAge DistributionVirologyInfluenza HumanmedicineHumansH1N1 SubtypeSex DistributionPreschoolhaemagglutinin mutationsPandemicsAgedMolecular epidemiologyPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthPandemic influenzaInfantVirologyInfluenzaMutational analysisAmino Acid SubstitutionMutationEurosurveillance
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Declining Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-exposed Individuals in Western Europe

2013

HIV-1 drug resistance represents a major obstacle to infection and disease control. This retrospective study analyzes trends and determinants of resistance in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed individuals across 7 countries in Europe. Of 20 323 cases, 80% carried at least one resistance mutation: these declined from 81% in 1997 to 71% in 2008. Predicted extensive 3-class resistance was rare (3.2% considering the cumulative genotype) and peaked at 4.5% in 2005, decreasing thereafter. The proportion of cases exhausting available drug options dropped from 32% in 2000 to 1% in 2008. Reduced risk of resistance over calendar years was confirmed by multivariable analysis. © 2013 The Author.

MaleMultivariate analysisDatabases FactualDrug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistance0302 clinical medicineRetrospective StudieRisk FactorsEpidemiologyGenotypepol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency ViruOdds RatioPrevalenceImmunology and AllergyHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicinepol Gene ProductsViralMultivariate Analysimedia_common0303 health sciencesDrug Resistance Prevalence HIV-1Middle AgedResistance mutation3. Good healthReverse Transcriptase InhibitorEuropeInfectious DiseasesReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsepidemiologyFemaleMultipleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusHumanDrugAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeEvolutionmedia_common.quotation_subjectSexual Behaviorantiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseaseBiologySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEEvolution Molecular03 medical and health sciencesDatabasesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingDrug Resistance Multiple ViralmedicineHumansHIV Protease InhibitorFactualRetrospective Studies030306 microbiologyRisk FactorMolecularRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratioHIV Protease InhibitorsCD4 Lymphocyte Countantiretroviral therapy; drug resistance; epidemiology; genotyping; HIV-1; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Databases Factual; Europe; Evolution Molecular; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Drug Resistance Multiple Viral; Immunology and Allergy; Infectious Diseasesgenotypingpol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunologyMultivariate AnalysisMutationHIV-1DemographyJournal of Infectious Diseases
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Plasma hTERT mRNA discriminates between clinically localized and locally advanced disease and is a predictor of recurrence in prostate cancer patients

2012

Since the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, new prostate cancer (PCa) patients are diagnosed earlier and most have localized and locally advanced disease. Current diagnosis methods lack specificity and sensitivity, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of patients with low-risk organ-confined localized disease. Therefore, new non-invasive molecular tools are needed to discriminate between localized and locally advanced disease.Plasma telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR in 49 patients with localized and locally advanced PCa. Diagnostic accuracy and efficacy as a prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence of plasma hTERT…

MaleOncologyBiochemical recurrencemedicine.medical_specialtyPathologyTelomeraseClinical BiochemistryProstate cancerAntigenRecurrenceInternal medicineDrug DiscoveryBiomarkers TumormedicineHumansTelomerase reverse transcriptaseRNA MessengerOverdiagnosisTelomeraseAgedNeoplasm StagingPharmacologybusiness.industryProstatic NeoplasmsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseROC CurveArea Under CurveLocalized diseaseLocally advanced diseasebusinessExpert Opinion on Biological Therapy
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Real-Time Quantification of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase mRNA in the Plasma of Patients with Prostate Cancer

2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of quantitative analysis of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in plasma for noninvasive diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Expression levels of hTERT were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in 68 patients showing elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and a control group of 44 healthy volunteers. Sensitivity and specificity were determined and compared to the corresponding PSA values. Median values for hTERT gene expression in the PCa patients (0.72 ng; range 0.01-12.86) were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the control group (0.13 ng; 0.02-0.35). Patients with clini…

MaleOncologyPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyStatistics as TopicProstatitisGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyPlasmaProstate cancerHistory and Philosophy of ScienceAntigenProstateInternal medicinemedicineHumansTelomerase reverse transcriptaseRNA MessengerTelomeraseMessenger RNAReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reactionbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceProstatic Neoplasmsmedicine.diseaseHtert mrnamedicine.anatomical_structurebusinessQuantitative analysis (chemistry)Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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Expression of Interleukin-32 in the Inflamed Arteries of Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis

2011

Objective Giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis that mainly affects the large and medium arteries, especially the branches of the proximal aorta. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a recently described Th1 proinflammatory cytokine, and is mainly induced by interferon-γ (IFNγ), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and tissue distribution of IL-32 in artery biopsy specimens from patients with GCA. Methods Quantitative gene expression analysis of IL-32, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-27 was performed in artery biopsy specimens obtained from 18 patients with GCA and 15 controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to …

MalePathologyInterleukin-1betaMessenger80 and overImmunology and AllergyPharmacology (medical)Giant Cell ArteritiAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInterleukin-17StatisticsArteriesMiddle AgedFlow CytometryImmunohistochemistryTh1 responseFemaleInterleukin 17VasculitisInterleukin-32; Giant Cell Arteritis; Th1 responsemedicine.medical_specialtyGiant Cell ArteritisImmunologyPopulationBiologyStatistics NonparametricProinflammatory cytokineInterferon-gammaRheumatologymedicine.arterymedicineHumansNonparametricRNA MessengerArteritiseducationAgedAortaAged; Aged 80 and over; Arteries; Female; Flow Cytometry; Giant Cell Arteritis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Messenger; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Statistics Nonparametric; Th1 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInterleukinsTh1 Cellsmedicine.diseaseInterleukin-32Giant cell arteritisGiant cellImmunologyRNA
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