Search results for " SAVING"
showing 10 items of 167 documents
Assessing the effectiveness of green roofs in enhancing the energy and indoor comfort resilience of urban buildings to climate change: Methodology pr…
2021
Abstract The effects of climate change on the built environment represents an important research challenge. Today, green roofs (GRs) represent a viable solution for enhancing energy and urban resilience in the face of climate change, as they can have a positive impact on the building's indoor thermal comfort and energy demand, as well as inducing various environmental benefits (easing urban heat island effects, improving the management of runoff water, reducing air pollution, etc.). Thus, it is important to be able to assess their effectiveness, both today and under future climate conditions, in order to evaluate whether they can also provide a valid long-term solution. In this paper, a sim…
On thermoeconomics of energy systems at variable load conditions: integrated optimization of plant design and operation
2007
Abstract Thermoeconomics has been assuming a growing role among the disciplines oriented to the analysis of energy systems, its different methodologies allowing solution of problems in the fields of cost accounting, plant design optimisation and diagnostic of malfunctions. However, the thermoeconomic methodologies as such are particularly appropriate to analyse large industrial systems at steady or quasi-steady operation, but they can be hardly applied to small to medium scale units operating in unsteady conditions to cover a variable energy demand. In this paper, the fundamentals of thermoeconomics for systems operated at variable load are discussed, examining the cost formation process an…
Holes in the Dike: the global savings glut, U.S. house prices and the long shadow of banking deregulation
2015
We explore empirically how capital inflows into the US and financial deregulation within the United States interacted in driving the run-up (and subsequent decline) in US housing prices over the period 1990-2010. To obtain an ex ante measure of financial liberalization, we focus on the history of interstate-banking deregulation during the 1980s, i.e. prior to the large net capital inflows into the US from China and other emerging economies. Our results suggest a long shadow of deregulation: in states that opened their banking markets to out-of-state banks earlier, house prices were more sensitive to capital inflows. We provide evidence that global imbalances were a major positive funding sh…
Improving energy efficiency of commercial buildings by Combined Heat Cooling and Power plants
2020
Abstract Commercial buildings play a key-role in the energy consumption of the building sectors. Recent statistics have shown that as the number of commercial buildings is continuously increasing, their effects on energy consumption are expected to grow. These buildings are characterized by high energy demand mainly due to lighting and HVAC requirements. Rooms of energy saving exist by considering that: (i) electricity demands and HVAC requirements occur simultaneously during the day and (ii) both demands are currently satisfied by using separate energy systems. It is apparent that the adoption of polygeneration systems could represent a valid solution to achieve energy savings. To this aim…
Numerical evaluation on performances of AHU equipped with a cross flow heat exchanger in wet and dry operation
2012
Abstract In this paper the comparison between the performance of a cross flow heat exchanger in wet and dry operation for air handling process has been investigated. In addition, a case study of application of the component to perform indirect evaporative cooling in a AHU was studied with the software TRNSYS.Using experimental data and an appropriate analytical method, energy saving performances of the system has been evaluated through the entire cooling season for a typical Mediterranean site. Results show that high energy saving potential can be obtained if the component is operated in wet operation in term of reduction of electricity consumption.
Assessing actual evapotranspiration via surface energy balance aiming to optimize water and energy consumption in large scale pressurized irrigation …
2017
Satellite imagery provides a dependable basis for computational models that aimed to determine actual evapotranspiration (ET) by surface energy balance. Satellite-based models enables quantifying ET over large areas for a wide range of applications, such as monitoring water distribution, managing irrigation and assessing irrigation systems’ performance. With the aim to evaluate the energy and water consumption of a large scale on-turn pressurized irrigation system in the district of Aguas Nuevas, Albacete, Spain, the satellite-based image-processing model SEBAL was used for calculating actual ET. The model has been applied to quantify instantaneous, daily, and seasonal actual ET over high- …
Advanced control system for optimal filtration in submerged anaerobic MBRs (SAnMBRs)
2013
The main aim of this study was to develop an advanced controller to optimise filtration in submerged anaerobic MBRs (SAnMBRs). The proposed controller was developed, calibrated and validated in a SAnMBR demonstration plant fitted with industrial-scale hollow-fibre membranes with variable influent flow and load. This 2-layer control system is designed for membranes operating sub-critically and features a lower layer (on/off and PID controllers) and an upper layer (knowledge-based controller). The upper layer consists of a MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) control structure that regulates the gas sparging for membrane scouring and the frequency of physical cleaning (ventilation and back f…
The Sustainability Factor: How Much Do Pension Expenditures Improve in Spain?
2020
The reform of 2013 represented a qualitative leap in the reform of the Spanish pension system. Unlike its predecessors, it introduced two automatic resetting mechanisms similar to those of other European countries. The first is the sustainability factor, scheduled to come into effect in 2019 but delayed until 2023, and its ultimate reversal cannot be ruled out. The objective of this study was to quantify the savings, or the lowest expenditure, that can be achieved in the Spanish public contributory pension system by applying it. These savings are measured in terms of cash&mdash
Performance and energy optimisation in CPUs through fuzzy knowledge representation
2019
Abstract This paper presents an automatic design space exploration using processor design knowledge for the multi-objective optimisation of a superscalar microarchitecture enhanced with selective load value prediction (SLVP). We introduced new important SLVP parameters and determined their influence regarding performance, energy consumption, and thermal dissipation. We significantly enlarged initial processor design knowledge expressed through fuzzy rules and we analysed its role in the process of automatic design space exploration. The proposed fuzzy rules improve the diversity and quality of solutions, and the convergence speed of the design space exploration process. Experiments show tha…
Il BIM nella Progettazione Sostenibile
2017
Il Building Information Modeling (BIM) è un sistema di progettazione integrata che usa tecniche di modellazione parametrica, associando a ogni elemento costruttivo una descrizione delle caratteristiche geometriche, dei materiali impiegati, dei costi di produzione, ecc. Ma è anche un’attività umana, che sta determinando consistenti modificazioni dei processi nel settore delle costruzioni. L’articolo presenterà i risultati di uno studio che si sta conducendo nell’ambito del Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria Edile –Architettura dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo, sulle potenzialità e i limiti che il BIM può determinare per il risparmio energetico. Attraverso l’approfondimento di un caso studio…