Search results for " Spectroscopy"
showing 10 items of 6851 documents
Innovative Combination of Three Alternating Current Relaxation Techniques: Electrical Charge, Mass, and Color Impedance Spectroscopy. Part I: The Tool
2009
Technical details concerning the simultaneous acquisition of three impedance functions (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, alternating current electrogravimetry or mass impedance, and alternating current colorimetry or color impedance) are presented. The analysis of each type of impedance function gives interesting information about the species participating during the electrochemical processes. Furthermore, obtaining three impedance functions in situ allows the crossed impedance functions to be calculated. These functions are especially useful in detecting delays between the color, mass, and electrical charge response of the system to the same perturbation, and it allows species parti…
Shallow-donor impurities in indium selenide investigated by means of far-infrared spectroscopy.
1992
Shallow impurities in n-type indium selenide (InSe) have been investigated by means of Fourier-transform spectroscopy in the far-infrared region. Three electric dipole transitions have been identified: 1s-2${\mathit{p}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, 1s-2${\mathit{p}}_{0}$, and 1s-3${\mathit{p}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, corresponding to electrons bound to native donors and tin-, silicon-, and chlorine-related donors, whose ionization energies (17.6, 18.1, 18.8, and 19 meV, respectively) have been determined through the Guerlach-Pollmann model. That model was also used to calculate the oscillator strengths of those dipole transitions, and then to estimate the shallow-donor concentr…
Counterion-Mediated Crossing of the Cyanine Limit in Crystals and Fluid Solution: Bond Length Alternation and Spectral Broadening Unveiled by Quantum…
2020
Absorption spectra of cyanine⊕·Br⊖ salts show a remarkable solvent dependence in non/polar solvents, exhibiting narrow, sharp band shapes in dichloromethane but broad features in toluene; this chan...
1H,13C and17O NMR spectroscopic study of four bicyclo [3.1.1]heptenes (derivatives of α-pinene) and four bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (derivatives of β-pin…
1992
Four derivatives of 2, 6, 6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (α-pinene) and four derivatives of 2-methylene-6, 6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (β-pinene) were synthesized and their 1H, 13C and 17O NMR spectra were measured, analysed and assigned. The 1H NMR spectral parameters were obtained by computer-aided analyses of the very complex multi-spin, second-order spectra. Some of the 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of these compounds reported in the literature should be changed, based on these accurate 1H NMR spectral analyses and carbon-proton chemical shift correlated spectra (COSY). The new assignments are supported by the 1J(C, H) values, which show a strong dependence on the bond ang…
High-energy radiation processing, a smart approach to obtain PVP-graft-AA nanogels
2014
Abstract Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-grafted-acrylic acid biocompatible nanogels (NGs) were prepared using an exiting industrial-type electron accelerator and setups, starting from semi-dilute aqueous solutions of a commercial PVP and the acrylic acid monomer. As a result, NGs with tunable size and structure can be obtained quantitatively. Sterility was also imparted at the integrated dose absorbed. The chemical structure of the NGs produced was confirmed through Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The molecular and physico-chemical properties of NGs, such as the hydrodynamic dimensions and surface charge densities, for various polymer and monomer concentrations in the irradiate…
Characterization of Micelles of Polyisobutylene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) in Aqueous Medium
2000
Four amphiphilic block copolymers polyisobutylene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) (IBm-MAAn; m = 70−134, n = 52−228) were synthesized and transferred into aqueous medium at pH 10−12. Their structure in solution was characterized by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), static and dynamic light scattering (SLS, DLS), analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC), and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with freeze-fracturing and staining techniques. DLS data, AUC sedimentation traces, and TEM images indicate at least two different kinds of particles. TEM shows spherical micelles; however, especially for polymers with larger hydrophobic blocks, additional particles are observed. FCS shows extrem…
Molecular dynamics of solid polymers as revealed by deuteron NMR
1983
Pulsed deuteron NMR spectroscopy is described, which has recently been developed to become a powerful tool for studying molecular dynamics in solid polymers. It is shown that by analyzing the line shapes of2H absorption spectra and spectra obtained via solid echo and spin alignment, respectively, both type and timescale of rotational motions can be determined over an extraordinary wide range of characteristic frequencies, approximately 10 MHz to 1 Hz. By applying these techniques to selectively deuterated polymers, motional mechanisms involving different segments of the monomer unit can be monitored. In addition, motional heterogeneities in glassy polymers can be detected. The information a…
Dilute solution properties of polybutadiene modified by 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione
1996
The dilute solution properties of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione-modified polybutadienes were studied in tetrahydrofuran by static and dynamic light scattering and compared with those from unmodified polybutadiene chains. For the unmodified polymer, the scaling laws were established and the coil interpenetration parameter k f0 was determined in the thermodynamically good solvent tetrahydrofuran ; the chains exhibited common flexible chain behavior. For the modified polybutadiene, the results indicate at infinite dilution a weak extent of intermolecular crosslinking via the urazole groups, coupled with a very high extent of intramolecular ring formation. In order to evaluate the fractio…
Saccharide modified silica particles by enzymatic grafting
1997
The surface of silica particles has been chemically modified with oligo- or poly-(α,1→4)-D-glucopyranose (amylose) chains of various length by covalently attaching maltoheptaose derivatives to the solid support and enzymatic polymerization of glucose-1-phosphate with a potato phosphorylase as catalyst. The characterization of the products by solid-state NMR spectroscopy showed an interesting dependence of the linewidth with the grafting density of the glucan chains. The modified silica particles showed chiral discrimination in liquid chromatography.
Spectroscopic and structural characterization of pure and FeCl3-containing tri-n-butyl phosphate
2014
The spectroscopic properties and liquid structure of pure tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and FeCl3/TBP solutions have been investigated by Uv–Vis and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction and conductometry. Uv–Vis and Raman spectra, supported by conductometric measurements, consistently indicate that the solubilized salt is present mostly as TBP n [FeCl3 − n ] n+ and FeCl4 − complex ions due to specific interaction with the TBP phosphate group. Thanks to this interaction, a high amount of salt (up to 13 % w/w) can be dissolved despite the relatively low dielectric constant of TBP. The X-ray diffractogram of pure TBP has been interpreted in terms of three main contributions which can be attri…