Search results for " TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICS"
showing 10 items of 461 documents
A1 receptors mediate adenosine inhibitory effects in mouse ileum via activation of potassium channels.
2008
Abstract Aims We investigated the effects induced by exogenous adenosine on the spontaneous contractile activity of the longitudinal muscle of a mouse ileum, the receptor subtypes activated, the involvement of enteric nerves and whether opening of K + channels was a downstream event leading to the observed effects. Main methods Mechanical responses of the mouse ileal longitudinal muscle to adenosine were examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. Key findings Adenosine caused a concentration-dependent reduction of the spontaneous contraction amplitude of the ileal longitudinal muscle up to its complete disappearance. This effect induced was markedly reduced by an A 1 receptor antago…
Differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes in pediatric patients on ferumoxytol-enhanced PET/MRI.
2019
The composition of lymph nodes in pediatric patients is different from that in adults. Most notably, normal lymph nodes in children contain less macrophages. Therefore, previously described biodistributions of iron oxide nanoparticles in benign and malignant lymph nodes of adult patients may not apply to children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate if the iron supplement ferumoxytol improves the differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes in pediatric cancer patients on 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical trial from May 2015 to December 2018 to investigate the value of ferumoxytol nanoparticles for staging of children with cancer with 18F-FDG PET/MRI.…
Gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin: Analysis of the mechanism of action
2009
Abstract Aims Recently, flavonoids have been shown to cause murine gastric relaxation. In the present study we examined the mechanism of action underlying gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin in isolated mouse stomach. Main methods The mechanical activity from the whole stomach was detected as changes in the endoluminal pressure and the response to increasing concentrations of both flavonoids were tested before and after different pharmacological treatments. Key findings Apigenin and quercetin-induced a concentration-dependent gastric relaxation, apigenin being more potent than quercetin. The responses were unaffected by 2′5′dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclas…
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of diclofenac in the rat.
1991
Diclofenac sodium is a widely used drug with interesting absorption and disposition features when administered to laboratory animals. The present study was undertaken to assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug after iv and gastrointestinal dosing to rats. Renal excretion of unchanged drug was negligible, but biliary excretion of the drug (unchanged and conjugated) was detected in bile duct-cannulated rats; it accounted for 27.2 and 31.2% of the total dose following iv and intraduodenal administration, respectively. Most of the drug excreted in the bile was conjugated diclofenac; unchanged drug accounted for only 4.7 and 5.4% of total diclofenac excreted in the bile after iv and intraduodena…
Variants in COMT and spontaneous smoking cessation: retrospective cohort analysis of 925 cessation events
2009
Genome-wide studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with smoking behaviour and nicotine dependence. Less is known about genetic determinants of smoking cessation, but rs4680 in COMT has recently been shown to explain a substantial proportion of the variation in cessation in the general population. We attempted to replicate the reported, clinically relevant effect in a population-based retrospective cohort analysis of 1443 ever-heavy smokers, of whom 925 had reached abstinence. In Cox regression models, neither rs4680 nor two polymorphisms nearby were associated with smoking cessation. The adjusted relative cessation rate (95% confidence interval) in rs4680 methion…
Leucocyte Interferon-alpha for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Intolerant to Other alpha-Interferons
2003
Background: Alpha-interferon (α-IFN) is the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C but most patients experience adverse effects which sometimes lead to the suspension of therapy. Recently, higher doses of α-IFN or prolonged therapy have increased the number of cases of intolerance. Study Design: In this open study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of leucocyte interferon-alpha (IFNα) [6MU three times a week] in 43 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had been intolerant to previous treatment courses with recombinant or lymphoblastoid IFNα. All patients were treated for 6 months and followed-up for an additional 6 months. End of treatment responders were patients in whom hepatitis C…
Myocardial hypertrophy is associated with inflammation and activation of endocannabinoid system in patients with aortic valve stenosis.
2013
article i nfo Article history: Received 1 February 2013 Accepted 22 March 2013 Aims: Endocannabinoids and their receptors have been associated with cardiac adaptation to injury, inflam- mation and fibrosis. Experimental studies suggested a role for inflammatory reaction and active remodeling in myocardial hypertrophy, but they have not been shown in human hypertrophy. We investigated the asso- ciation of the endocannabinoid system with myocardial hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis. Main methods: Myocardial biopsies were collected from patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and atrial myxoma as controls during surgery. Histological and molecular analysis of endocannabinoids and their r…
Impact of Pharmacists’ Participation in a Pharmacotherapy Follow-Up Program
2012
Objective. To evaluate the impact of a continuing pharmacy education (CPE) course on Spanish community pharmacists’ participation in a pharmacotherapy follow-up program. Design. Participation in a CPE course offered 4 times over a 4-year period via satellite teleconferencing was monitored and the data analyzed to determine the course’s impact on community pharmacists’ participation in a pharmacotherapy follow-up program. Assessment. Community pharmacists’ participation in the pharmaceutical care CPE course had a slightly positive impact on their participation in the pharmacotherapy follow-up program. In the best profiles, there was a probability of 7.3% that participants would participate i…
Myocardial and lymphocytic expression of eNOS and nNOS before and after heart transplantation: Relationship to clinical status
2013
Abstract Aims The present study investigates the expression and clinical relevance of the constitutive NO synthases in heart and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from heart failure patients. Main methods mRNA and protein levels (qRT-PCR and immunoblot) of eNOS and nNOS were determined in: i) Left ventricle (LV, n = 4) and PBMCs (n = 10) from healthy donors; ii) LV, right ventricle (RV) and PBMCs of heart failure (HF) patients (n = 32); and iii) biopsies and PBMCs of the HF patients after cardiac transplant (n = 15). Key findings Expression of constitutive NOS isoforms in heart exhibits wide variability in HF patients, but this variability was not related to aetiology, dis…
Dose-dependent metabolism and hepatic distribution of phenprocoumon in rats
1988
The dose-dependency of phenprocoumon disposition was determined in rats by iv administration of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg doses to separate groups of animals. The intrinsic clearance (unbound clearance) was 33% lower in the animals given 1.0 mg/kg dose than in the animals given 0.1 mg/kg dose. The apparent unbound volume of distribution was 55% lower and the elimination rate constant 54% higher in the high dose group than in the lower dose group. Binding of phenprocoumon to liver showed saturability with a two- to threefold higher apparent unbound fraction of phenprocoumon in liver in animals given the high dose in comparison to animals given the low dose.