Search results for " Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation"
showing 10 items of 55 documents
Keeping memory for intentions: A cTBS investigation of the frontopolar cortex
2011
The present study aimed to investigate the role of frontopolar cortex in prospective memory (PM) by means of inhibitory theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). "Experiment 1"-8 volunteers were evaluated after inhibitory cTBS over left Brodmann area (BA) 10, right BA10, and Cz. In the PM procedure, sequences of 4 words each were presented. During the intersequence delay, subjects had to repeat the sequence in the observed order (ongoing task forward) or in the reverse order (backward). At the occurrence of a target word, subjects had to press a key on the keyboard (PM task). Recall and recognition of the target words were also tested. PM accuracy was lower after cTBS over left BA10 compared with Cz …
Repetitive TMS temporarily alters brain diffusion
2004
The authors investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at 1 Hz (12 minutes; 90% of motor threshold) to the primary motor cortex (M1) leads to changes in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). After the rTMS train, there was a temporary small restriction in diffusion within the targeted left M1 that disappeared after 5 minutes. These findings provide a physiologic correlate to the reported behavioral consequences of off-line 1-Hz rTMS and reveal the transitory nature of the effects.
Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cocaine Intake: A Pilot Study
2016
Background Chronic cocaine consumption is associated with a decrease in mesolimbic dopamine transmission that maintains drug intake. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is gaining reliability, a useful therapeutic tool in drug addiction, since it can modulate cortico-limbic activity resulting in reduction of drug craving. Aims In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of bilateral TMS of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in reducing cocaine intake, in a sample of treatment-seeking patients with current cocaine use disorder (DSM-V). Methods Ten cocaine addicts (DSM-V) were randomly assigned to the active or sham stimulation protocol in a double-blind experimental design. Twelve …
Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time processing: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation and patients with cortical or su…
2009
Here, we review recent transcranial magnetic stimulation studies and investigations in patients with neurological disease such as Parkinson's disease and stroke, showing that the neural processing of time requires the activity of wide range-distributed brain networks. The neural activity of the cerebellum seems most crucial when subjects are required to quickly estimate the passage of brief intervals, and when time is computed in relation to precise salient events. Conversely, the circuits involving the striatum and the substantia nigra projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are mostly implicated in supra-second time intervals and when time is processed in conjunction with other cognitiv…
Left but not right temporal involvement in opaque idiom comprehension: a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study
2004
Abstract It has been suggested that figurative language, which includes idioms, is controlled by the right hemisphere. We tested the right hemisphere hypothesis by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to transiently disrupt the function of the frontal and temporal areas of the right versus left hemisphere in a group of normal participants involved in a task of opaque idiom versus literal sentence comprehension. Forty opaque, nonambiguous idioms were selected. Fifteen young healthy participants underwent rTMS in two sessions. The experiment was run in five blocks, corresponding to the four stimulated scalp positions (left frontal and temporal and right frontal and tempor…
Use of noninvasive cerebral stimulation techniques in aphasia: An updating
2012
Aphasia is a receptive and expressive communication disorder following to a cerebral accident (stroke, head injury, tumor). ical speech and language therapy was not able to significantly contribute to the aphasia recovery. In the last decade two nonin- vasive cerebral techniques, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been used for the treatment of aphasic patients. In this paper I will report some of the main results in this field. The aim is to highlight both coherent and contrasting outcomes emerging from the use of these techniques and to understand their therapeutic potential in the treatment of aphasia.
Overestimation of numerical distances in the left space
2004
Normal subjects presented with a middle number and two left- and right-sided outer numbers overestimate the numerical distance between the middle number and that positioned at its left side. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the right posterior parietal cortex specifically counteracts this bias, suggesting that the mental representation of space defined by numbers is shifted toward the left side depending on a greater activity of the right hemisphere.
SHORT-TERM SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN MIGRAINE MOTOR CORTEX: EVIDENCE BY PRECONDITIONING OF HIGH-FREQUENCY REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (…
2011
Background: Brief 5Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) trains at 120% of the resting- motorthreshold (RMT) intensity determine in healthy subjects a potentiation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), likely due to short-term presynaptic plasticity facilitation. We recently showed paradoxical intensity-dependent MEP changes to 5Hz rTMS in migraine with MEP facilitation at 110% and inhibition at 130% RMT. This provides evidence of both hyper-responsivity and self-limiting hyperexcitability capacity in migraine, likely due to earlier activation of inhibitory homeostatic plasticity mechanisms. To explore this, we applied in migraineurs cathodal transcranial Direct Current Stimul…
Suppression of extinction with TMS in humans: from healthy controls to patients.
2006
We review a series of studies exemplifying some applications of single-pulse and paired-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study of spatial attention and of its deficits. We will focus primarily on sensory extinction, the failure to consciously perceive a contralesional sensory stimulus only during bilateral stimulation of homologous surfaces. TMS studies in healthy controls show that it is possible either to interfere or modulate the excitability of the parietal cortex during sensory (i.e. tactile and visual) attentional tasks, thus reproducing a condition of virtual extinction. TMS studies in patients with unilateral (mainly right) brain damage show that the modulation of the …
High frequency rTMS over the left parietal lobule increases non-word reading accuracy
2012
Increasing evidence in the literature supports the usefulness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in studying reading processes. Two brain regions are primarily involved in phonological decoding: the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), which is associated with the auditory representation of spoken words, and the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), which operates in phonological computation. This study aimed to clarify the specific contribution of IPL and STG to reading aloud and to evaluate the possibility of modulating healthy participants' task performance using high frequency repetitive TMS (hf-rTMS). The main finding is that hf-rTMS over the left IPL improves non-word reading accu…