Search results for " alcohol"
showing 10 items of 578 documents
El fracaso de la prevención : entre el presente y el futuro
2006
La complejidad de la relación cocaína-alcohol, que ahora tanto preocupa, constituye una muestra más de la complejidad del fenómeno de las drogas, cuyo conocimiento en cada una de sus manifestaciones posibilita disponer de más elementos para desarrollar una prevención que responda a todos y cada unos los factores que contribuyen a que determinadas personas lleguen al abuso de diferentes sustancias, a veces en una interrelación complicada que pide un tratamiento específico. La reflexión aquí aportada pretende reflexionar sobre aspectos generales de la acción preventiva, que pueden servir de base para atender con previsión también las necesidades específicas de los consumidores de alcohol y co…
Factores asociados al consumo juvenil de alcohol: una revisión desde una perspectiva psicosocial y ecológica
2011
El consumo abusivo de alcohol en la adolescencia es, en el momento actual, un importante problema de salud pública, hasta el punto de que su prevención se ha convertido en una de las prioridades en las políticas de salud. También, y en el ámbito de la intervención social, se ha venido estudiando, en los últimos años, los factores psicosociales implicados en ese consumo. En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión de esos factores en el marco de la perspectiva ecológica, en la que se integran las variables psicológicas, relacionales y socioculturales. El consumo de alcohol es analizado como parte integrante de la cultura juvenil, despojando la explicación de contenidos patologistas o…
Prowadzenie pojazdu mechanicznego w stanie po użyciu alkoholu lub w stanie nietrzeźwości : zagadnienia wybrane
2015
Sequential Iron-Catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling of Chlorobenzamides/Chemoselective Amide Reduction and Reductive Deuteration to Benzylic Alcoh…
2023
Benzylic alcohols are among the most important intermediates in organic synthesis. Recently, the use of abundant metals has attracted significant attention due to the issues with the scarcity of platinum group metals. Herein, we report a sequential method for the synthesis of benzylic alcohols by a merger of iron catalyzed cross-coupling and highly chemoselective reduction of benzamides promoted by sodium dispersion in the presence of alcoholic donors. The method has been further extended to the synthesis of deuterated benzylic alcohols. The iron-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling exploits the high stability of benzamide bonds, enabling challenging C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling with alkyl Grign…
Influence of aroma compounds on the mechanical properties of pectin gels.
2004
A detailed study of the rheological behavior of pectin gels, in the presence of aroma compounds in food concentration is reported. In high methoxylated pectin (HMP) gels, it has not yet been shown if aroma compounds can be responsible for modifications in rheology. Two rheological techniques were used to measure the impact of aroma substances on rheological properties of HMP-based systems. Maximum strain to fracture (sigma F) was compared between flavored and unflavored gels on stress-displacement curve, which was obtained with uniaxial compression until fracture. An oscillatory rheometer was applied to determine the gelation time (Tgel). It appeared that all the aroma compounds studied inc…
Regulatory changes in pterin and carotenoid genes underlie balanced color polymorphisms in the wall lizard
2019
Significance Reptiles show an amazing color diversity based on variation in melanins, carotenoids, and pterins. This study reveals genes controlling differences between three color morphs (white, orange, and yellow) in the common wall lizard. Orange pigmentation, due to high levels of orange/red pterins in skin, is caused by genetic changes in the sepiapterin reductase gene. Yellow skin, showing high levels of yellow carotenoids, is controlled by the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 locus. Thus, the color polymorphism in the common wall lizard is associated with changes in two small regions of the genome containing genes with crucial roles in pterin and carotenoid metabolism. These genes are likel…
Bacterial Bioconversion of Primary Aliphatic and Aromatic Alcohols into Acids: Effects of Molecular Structure and Physico-chemical Conditions
1997
The biotransformation of four alcohol substrates (butanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethanol) into their acids was studied using a strain of Acetobacter aceti. Bioconversion yields depended on the molecular structure of the alcohol. Biotransformation of high concentrations of alcohols was possible until the precursor reached an inhibiting concentration (3.8 g dm -3 for butanol and 3-methylbutanol, 4.2 g dm -3 for 2-methylbutanol). In contrast, biotransformation of 2-phenylethanol decreased when alcohol concentration was higher than 0.3 g dm -3 . Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH conditions of the medium were important factors in improving bioconversion. Transformatio…
Optical sensor for remote estimation of alcohol concentration in blood stream
2013
Abstract The purpose of this manuscript is to validate our recently developed novel optical approach for extraction of remote vibration sources as a successful technique to estimate the alcohol concentration in blood stream. This technique is based on the tracking of temporal changes of reflected secondary speckle patterns produced in human skin when being illuminated by a laser beam. Since the skin’s vibrations profile is changed due to the alcohol in the blood stream, the extraction of the vibration profile can be translated into the corresponding alcohol concentration values by means of defining several parameters acting as indicators for the presence of alcohol in the blood stream. We h…
1st International Conference on Fatty Liver (ICFL). Seville, June 1-3, 2017: Abstracts
2017
Social stress under binge-like alcohol withdrawal in adolescence: evidence of cannabidiol effect on maladaptive plasticity in rats.
2022
Abstract Background Alcohol binge drinking may compromise the functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), i.e. the neural hub for processing reward and aversive responses. Methods As socially stressful events pose particular challenges at developmental stages, this research applied the resident–intruder paradigm as a model of social stress, to highlight behavioural neuroendocrine and molecular maladaptive plasticity in rats at withdrawal from binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescence. In search of a rescue agent, cannabidiol (CBD) was selected due to its favourable effects on alcohol- and stress-related harms. Results Binge-like alcohol exposed intruder rats displayed a compromised defensi…