Search results for " and ocular physiology"
showing 10 items of 237 documents
Magnetic stimulation in the definition of eloquent cortical areas
2003
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and focus on detailing the techniques used in TMS mapping of the motor cortex relating it to the use of TMS in the presurgical assessment of patients with epilepsy. Since the main measure of TMS is the motor potential evoked in muscles, fine delineation of the functional topography of cortex is limited mainly to the primary sensorimotor cortex. In addition, TMS might be helpful to identify language dominance. The characterization of eloquent cortical areas is important in epilepsy surgery for the planning of the resection. TMS is not routinely employed for this purpose and TMS ma…
AMPA Receptor Auxiliary Proteins of the CKAMP Family
2019
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are assembled of four core subunits and several additional interacting proteins. Cystine-knot AMPA receptor-modulating proteins (CKAMPs) constitute a family of four proteins that influence the trafficking, subcellular localization and function of AMPA receptors. The four CKAMP family members CKAMP39/shisa8, CKAMP44/shisa9, CKAMP52/shisa6 and CKAMP59/shisa7 differ in their expression profile and their modulatory influence on AMPA receptor function. In this review, I report about recent findings on the differential roles of CKAMP family members.
Most hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in rabbits increase firing during awake sharp-wave ripples and some do so in response to external stimulation an…
2020
Hippocampus forms neural representations of real-life events including multimodal information of spatial and temporal context. These representations, i.e. organized sequences of neuronal firing are repeated during following rest and sleep, especially when so-called sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) characterize hippocampal local-field potentials. This SPW-R –related replay is thought to underlie memory consolidation. Here, we set out to explore how hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells respond to the conditioned stimulus during trace eyeblink conditioning and how these responses manifest during SPW-Rs in awake adult female New Zealand White rabbits. Based on reports in rodents, we expected SPW-Rs to ta…
Marcatge posicional i prominència en el vocalisme àton
2008
It has long been noticed that more perceptible elements tend to associate to positions that are structurally stronger to the end that several prominent features converge in the same site; and vice versa: elements of low perceptibility prototypically associate to less prominent positions ("positional markedness"). The main aim of this paper is to present the effects of positional markedness in the a-tonic vowel system of Catalan through the analysis of two cases that have not been studied in depth, i.e. the occurrence of different epenthetic vowels according to the position in which they appear in Alghero and western Catalan, and the presence of different patterns of vowel reduction in weste…
Culture and odor categorization : agreement between cultures depends upon the odors
2003
This study evaluated the effect of culture on the relationship between psychological dimensions underlying odor perception and odor categorization. In a first experiment, French, Vietnamese and American participants rated several perceptual dimensions of everyday odorants, and sorted these odorants on the basis of their similarity. Results showed that the three groups of participants differed in their perceptual judgments but agreed in categorizing the odors into four consensual groups (floral, sweet, bad, and nature). Three dimensions––pleasantness, edibility, cosmetic acceptability––discriminated these groups in the same way in the three countries. In a second experiment, the participants…
Individual Sprint Force-Velocity Profile Adaptations to In-Season Assisted and Resisted Velocity-Based Training in Professional Rugby
2020
We tested the hypothesis that the degree of adaptation to highly focused sprint training at opposite ends of the sprint Force-Velocity (FV) spectrum would be associated with initial sprint FV profile in rugby athletes. Training-induced changes in sprint FV profiles were computed before and after an eight-week in-season resisted or assisted sprint training protocol, including a three-week taper. Professional male rugby players (age: 18.9 ±
Not quite so fast: effect of training at 90% sprint speed on maximal and repeated-sprint ability in soccer players
2014
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of training at an intensity eliciting 90% of maximal sprinting speed on maximal and repeated-sprint performance in soccer. It was hypothesised that sprint training at 90% of maximal velocity would improve soccer-related sprinting. Twenty-two junior club-level male and female soccer players (age 17 ± 1 year, body mass 64 ± 8 kg, body height 174 ± 8 cm) completed an intervention study where the training group (TG) replaced one of their weekly soccer training sessions with a repeated-sprint training session performed at 90% of maximal sprint speed, while the control group (CG) completed regular soccer training according to thei…
Hardwiring the Brain: Endocannabinoids Shape Neuronal Connectivity
2007
The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of γ-aminobutyric acid–containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB 1 R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB 1 Rs, identify endoc…
Local Sleep Slow-Wave Activity Colocalizes With the Ictal Symptomatogenic Zone in a Patient With Reflex Epilepsy
2020
Background: Slow-wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep reflects synaptic potentiation during preceding wakefulness. Epileptic activity may induce increases in state-dependent SWA in human brains, therefore, localization of SWA may prove useful in the presurgical workup of epileptic patients. We analyzed high-density electroencephalography (HDEEG) data across vigilance states from a reflex epilepsy patient with a clearly localizable ictal symptomatogenic zone to provide a proof-of-concept for the testability of this hypothesis. Methods: Overnight HDEEG recordings were obtained in the patient during REM sleep, NREM sleep, wakefulness, and during a right facial motor s…
Graft Healing in ACL Reconstruction: Can We Enhance It in Clinical Practice?
2012
The ACL-Deficient Knee: A Problem Solving Approach, focuses on problem analysis and problem solving, as well as analyzing the possibility of prevention. In each chapter, the biomechanics, anatomy, etc. that are relevant to the topic are reviewed. There are chapters where highly specialized surgical techniques are presented (v. gr. double bundle reconstruction or meniscal transplant), as well as developing areas such as ACL tears in children, where we are finding a growing number of injuries due to the increase of sports at early ages Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using tendon grafts is the current standard to treat the functionally ACL-deficient knee. The s…