Search results for " brain injury"
showing 10 items of 135 documents
Effects of Age and Sex on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.
2020
The measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been reported as a non-invasive marker for intracranial pressure (ICP). Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether possible ONSD differences occur with age and sex in healthy and brain-injured populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and age on ONSD in healthy volunteers and patients with traumatic brain injury. We prospectively included 122 healthy adult volunteers (Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy), and compared age/sex dependence of ONSD to 95 adult patients (Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK) with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring intubation and invasive ICP monitoring. The two groups we…
Aquaporin-4 distribution in control and stressed astrocytes in culture and in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injuries
2012
Distribution of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) was studied by western analysis and immunofluorescence in rat astrocytes exposed to either hypothermic (30 °C) or hyperosmolar (0.45 M sucrose) stress, and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients who suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI). CSF was obtained from 5 healthy subjects and from 20 patients suffering from severe TBI. CSF samples were taken at admission and on days 3 and 5-7. Here we report that, in response to both hypothermia and hyperosmolar stress, AQP4 was markedly reduced in cultured astrocytes. We also found that AQP4 significantly increased in patients with severe brain injury in respect to healthy subjects (P < 0.002). AQP4 in CSF rem…
Lung Injury Is a Predictor of Cerebral Hypoxia and Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury
2020
Background: A major contributor to unfavorable outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is secondary brain injury. Low brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) has shown to be an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome. Although PbtO2 provides clinicians with an understanding of the ischemic and non-ischemic derangements of brain physiology, its value does not take into consideration systemic oxygenation that can influence patients' outcomes. This study analyses brain and systemic oxygenation and a number of related indices in TBI patients: PbtO2, partial arterial oxygenation pressure (PaO2), PbtO2/PaO2, ratio of PbtO2 to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and PaO2/FiO2. The primary aim …
Intensive Care Management of Head-Injured Patient
2019
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) plays an important role for the prognosis of multiple injured patients. Severely injured patients require intensive care treatment to support organ function and to maintain normal brain physiology. Optimal treatment is a cornerstone for good outcome. Therefore, in addition to general principles and concepts of modern intensive care medicine, special brain-specific aspects need to be addressed in these patients. Essential aspects of physiological regulation of cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure as well as recent publications are reviewed as basis for current trends in the management of TBI patients. Focusing on single parameters such as intracranial pre…
Anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury.
2013
A major challenge in the treatment of brain-injured patients is the decision on indication and timing of prophylactic anticoagulation. In addition, an increasing number of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are on preinjury anticoagulation therapy. Despite clear evidence for an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events and pulmonary embolism in traumatized patients without prophylactic anticoagulation, there is a lack of distinct recommendations and standardized clinical practice guidelines. This review summarizes current research evidence regarding post-traumatic prophylactic anticoagulation and management of patients with prehospital use of anticoagulants.In additio…
Posttraumatic chronic cranial osteomyelitis due to a superficial wound - A clinical and neuroradiological case report
2019
Background: Osteomyelitis is a progressive infection of bone and bone marrow by microorganisms, resulting in inflammatory destruction of bone, bone necrosis, and new bone formation. Skull involvement is a rare occurrence which mainly affects children with chronic inflammatory diseases of paranasal sinusitis, or malignant otitis. In adults, cranial vault osteomyelitis can occur after cranial surgery or head trauma. Case Description: We describe an unusual case of chronic cranial osteomyelitis occurred 3 months following a mild traumatic brain injury. The causative mechanisms along with the diagnostic modalities are discussed. Conclusion: Focal cranial vault osteomyelitis, in the absence of …
Suppression of Electrographic Seizures Is Associated with Amelioration of QTc Interval Prolongation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.
2021
Introduction: Disorders in electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly noted in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may be associated with electrocardiographic disturbances. Electrographic seizures (ESz) are the most common features in these patients. This study aimed to explore the relationship between ESz and possible changes in QTc interval and spatial QRS-T angle both during ESz and after ESz resolution. Methods: Adult patients with TBI were studied. Surface 12-lead ECGs were recorded using a Cardiax device during ESz events and 15 min after their effective suppression using barbiturate infusion. The ESz events were diagnosed using Masimo Root or bispectral index (BIS) devices.…
Never say never again: A bone graft infection due to a hornet sting, thirty-nine years after cranioplasty
2017
Background: Cranioplasty (CP) is a widespread surgical procedure aimed to restore skull integrity and physiological cerebral hemodynamics, to improve neurological functions and to protect the underlying brain after a life-saving decompressive craniectomy (DC). Nevertheless, CP is still burdened by surgical complications, among which early or late graft infections are the most common outcome-threatening ones. Case Description: We report the case of 48-year-old man admitted to our neurosurgical unit because of a painful right frontal swelling and 1-week purulent discharge from a cutaneous fistula. He had been undergone frontal CP because of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) when he was 9-ye…
Procedural Memory Following Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Group Performance and Individual Differences on the Rotary Pursuit Task
2019
The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on procedural memory has received significantly less attention than declarative memory. Although to date studies on procedural memory have yielded mixed findings, many rehabilitation protocols (e.g., errorless learning) rely on the procedural memory system, and assume that it is relatively intact. The aim of the current study was to determine whether individuals with TBI are impaired on a task of procedural memory as a group, and to examine the presence of individual differences in performance. We administered to a sample of 36 individuals with moderate-severe TBI and 40 healthy comparisons (HCs) the rotary pursuit task, and then examined their rat…
<title>Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected stroke or traumatic brain injury</title>
2001
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected stroke or brain injury S. Goldberg, C. Lott, M. Ostermeyer, H.-J. Hennes Absorption of Near-Infrared (NIR) light in the brain is mainly caused by hemoglobin. Superficial intracranial hematoma with a higher concentration of hemoglobin causes a higher absorption in NIRS. The existence of hemorrhage can be demonstrated by the difference of optical density, comparing identical measuring points at both hemispheres of the brain: absorption of NIR light is greater at the side of the hemorrhage, causing less reflection in NIRS. In a prospective, blinded study, 100 patients who were scheduled for CCT-scan for brain inj…