Search results for " brain"

Cortical beta burst dynamics are altered in Parkinson's disease but normalized by deep brain stimulation

2022

Funding Information: Amande Pauls was supported by a personal grant from the University of Helsinki . Olesia Korsun was supported by the Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation , the Orion Research Foundation , the Finnish Parkinson Foundation and the Finnish Brain Foundation . Mia Liljeström was supported by the Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland , the Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation , and the Finnish Cultural Foundation . Eero Pekkonen was supported by Finnish Government research funding ( TYH- fund ). Hanna Renvall was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant number 321460 ) and Paulo Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Exaggerated subthalamic beta oscillatory activity …

OP15.08: Intrauterine fetal brain damage in preeclamptic animal model: hemodynamic and histologic changes

2010

Longitudinal 18F-FDG PET and MRI Reveal Evolving Imaging Pathology That Corresponds to Disease Progression in a Patient With ALS-FTD

2019

Single time point positron emission tomography (PET) studies of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD), have demonstrated hypometabolism or hypermetabolism in certain brain regions. To determine whether longitudinal (at baseline and 20.4 months later) PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveal evolving brain imaging pathology corresponding to clinical progression in a patient with ALS-FTD, cerebral glucose metabolic rate, cortical thickness (CT) and cortical area (CA) were obtained and symmetric percent change (SPC) for each calculated. The patient had worsening symptoms and signs of bulbar-onset upper motor neuron-predominant ALS as well as l…

Seizure in isolated brain cryptococcoma: Case report and review of the literature

2021

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection predominantly seen among immunosuppressed patients causing meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Rarely, cryptococcosis can affect immunologically competent hosts with the formation of localized CNS granulomatous reaction, known as cryptococcoma. Common symptoms of CNS cryptococcoma are headaches, consciousness or mental changes, focal deficits, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Rarely, seizures are the only presenting symptom. Case Description: We report the case of an immunocompetent patient with a solitary CNS cryptococcoma presenting with a long history of non-responsive generalized seizure who has been s…

Neurosurgical Interventions for Intracranial Metastases

1987

In any neurosurgical material among the space-occupying neoplastic lesions in the brain there is an average frequency between 3 and 5% of deposits from malignant tumors of extracranial origin, i.e. metastases1,2,7. Definite regularities exist as regards the frequency with which particular tumors give rise to cerebral metastases and likewise as regards the incidence of solitary metastases (about 50% of cases), while in about a half of these patients we find several metastases. These lesions can involve the cerebral hemispheres, as well as the cerebellum and the brain stem26,28.

Quantitative Topography of the Hemodynamic-Oxidative Metabolic Interrelation by Multispot Measurement Approach in Rat Ischemia Models

2001

We applied the multispot measurement approach for both laser Doppler (LD) and a microspectrophotometric method to measure local cerebral blood flow (1CBF) and local tissue hemoglobin oxygenation (IHbO2). We demonstrated that the current technology permits in vivo observation, allowing us to establish a close topographical relation between CBF and HbO2. We measured 1CBF by LD flowmetry and tissue HbO2 by a microspectrophotometric method at multiple corresponding locations using a “scanning” technique that employs a computer-controlled micromanipulator. CBF and HbO2 data from predefined locations were correlated to the topographical situation and then arranged in a three-dimensional (3D) imag…

Refining in vitro neurotoxicity testing--the development of blood-brain barrier models.

2003

The purpose of this paper is to review the current state of development of advanced in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) models. The BBB is a special capillary bed that separates the blood from the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Astrocytes maintain the integrity of the BBB, and, without astrocytic contacts, isolated brain capillary endothelial cells in culture lose their barrier characteristics. Therefore, when developing in vitro BBB models, it is important to add astrocytic factors into the culture system. Recently, novel filter techniques and co-culture methods have made it possible to develop models which resemble the in vivo functions of the BBB in an effective way. With a BBB…

Preservation of glial cytoarchitecture from ex vivo human tumor and non-tumor cerebral cortical explants: A human model to study neurological diseases

2007

For the human brain, in vitro models that accurately represent what occurs in vivo are lacking. Organotypic models may be the closest parallel to human brain tissue outside of a live patient. However, this model has been limited primarily to rodent-derived tissue. We present an organotypic model to maintain intraoperatively collected human tumor and non-tumor explants ex vivo for a prolonged period of time (similar to 11 days) without any significant changes to the tissue cytoarchitecture as evidenced through immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy analyses. The ability to establish and reliably predict the cytoarchitectural changes that occur with time in an organotypic model of tumor…

Membrane-type 1 metalloproteinase is upregulated in microglia/brain macrophages in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases

2013

We previously reported that glioma cells induce the expression of membrane-type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) in tumor-associated microglia/macrophages and promote tumor growth, whereas MMP-14 expression in microglia under physiological conditions is very low. Here, we show that the increase in MMP-14 expression is also found in microglia/macrophages associated with neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies in mouse models as well as in human biopsies or post-mortem tissue. We found that microglial/macrophage MMP-14 expression was upregulated in Alzheimer's disease tissue, in active lesions of multiple sclerosis, and in tissue from stage II stroke as well as in the corre…

2015

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests a pivotal role of PDGFRß positive cells, a specific marker for central nervous system (CNS) pericytes, in tissue scarring. Identification of cells that contribute to tissue reorganization in the CNS upon injury is a crucial step to develop novel treatment strategies in regenerative medicine. It has been shown that pericytes contribute to scar formation in the spinal cord. It is further known that ischemia initially triggers pericyte loss in vivo, whilst brain trauma is capable of inducing pericyte detachment from cerebral vessels. These data point towards a significant role of pericytes in CNS injury. The temporal and spatial dynamics of PDGFRß cells a…