Search results for " cancer risk"

Biologically based models of cancer risk in radiation research

2020

PURPOSE: In radiation risk analysis the state-of-the-art approach is based on descriptive models which link excess rates of cancer incidence and mortality to radiation exposure by statistical association. To estimate the number of sporadic and radiation-induced cases descriptive models apply parametric dose response function which directly determine the radiation risk. In biologically-based models of cancer risk (BBCR models) dose responses are implemented for key events on the biological level such as early mutations or clonal expansion of initiated cells. Influenced by radiation these events then shape the risk response on the epidemiological level. Although BBCR models facilitate a more …

A Nutritional Approach to the Prevention of Cancer: from Assessment to Personalized Intervention

2016

Among lifestyle factors, nutrition is one of the most important determinants of health, and represents a pivotal element of cancer risk. Nonetheless, epidemiological evidences of the relationship between several cancers and specific foods and nutrients is still inadequate, and solid conclusions are missing. Several epidemiological studies related increased consumption of high fat diet and the risk to develop different types of cancer. Indeed, caloric restriction without malnutrition is associated to cancer prevention, due to the reduction in the activity of pro-aging pathways, of inflammation in precancerous cells, and to the increase of the apoptosis of damaged cells. Food may be also the …

Do BARD1 Mutations Confer an Elevated Risk of Prostate Cancer?

2021

Simple Summary Current cancer testing gene panels tend to be comprehensive. One of the genes commonly included in the testing panels is BARD1. To establish whether BARD1 mutations predispose to prostate cancer, we sequenced BARD1 in 390 hereditary prostate cancer cases, genotyped 5715 men with unselected prostate cancer and 10,252 controls for three recurrent rare BARD1 variants in Poland. We did not see an elevated prostate risk cancer given p.Q564X truncating mutation, p.R658C missense mutation and p.R659= synonymous variant. Neither variant influenced prostate cancer characteristics or survival. Our study is the first to evaluate the association between BARD1 mutations and prostate cance…

Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci

2013

Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors represent 20-30% of all breast cancers, with a higher proportion occurring in younger women and women of African ancestry. The etiology and clinical behavior of ER-negative tumors are different from those of tumors expressing ER (ER positive), including differences in genetic predisposition. To identify susceptibility loci specific to ER-negative disease, we combined in a metaanalysis 3 genome-wide association studies of 4,193 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 35,194 controls with a series of 40 follow-up studies (6,514 cases and 41,455 controls), genotyped using a custom Illumina array, iCOGS, developed by the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environm…

Evaluation of CYP17A1 and CYP1B1 polymorphisms in male breast cancer risk

2019

Breast cancer in men is a rare and still poorly characterized disease. Inherited mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 genes, as well as common polymorphisms, play a role in male breast cancer genetic predisposition. Male breast cancer is considered a hormone-dependent tumor specifically related to hyperestrogenism. Polymorphisms in genes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, such as CYP17A1 and CYP1B1, have been associated with breast cancer risk. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CYP17A1 and CYP1B1 polymorphisms in male breast cancer risk. A series of 597 male breast cancer cases and 1022 male controls, recruited within the Italian Multicenter Study on male brea…

What are the Cancer Risks in BRCA Carriers Apart from Those Regarding the Breast and the Ovary?

2012

Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to familial breast and/or ovarian cancer. The lifetime risk of members of families with genetic predisposition depends on the mutations of susceptibility genes. BRCA1 mutations seem to confer the highest risk of developing neoplastic diseases. Apart from breast and ovarian cancer mutations in BRCA, related pathways are supposed to confer a smaller risk for additional cancers (colon, melanoma, pancreas, lymphoma, prostate, liver). All these tumors have an inherited component not necessarily associated with genetic susceptibility to BRCA genes. To date he main focus of this review has been argued still with difficulty…

Increased Cancer Incidence Following up to 15 Years after Cardiac Catheterization in Infants under One Year between 1980 and 1998—A Single Center Obs…

2020

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of cancer within the first 15 years of life in children who underwent cardiac catheterization under the age of one year. Methods: In this retrospective, single center study, 2770 infants (7.8% with trisomy 21) were studied. All infants underwent cardiac catheterization under one year of age between January 1980 and December 1998. Newly diagnosed cancer in the first 15 years of life was assessed through record linkage to the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR). Cancer risk in study patients was compared to the GCCR population of children less than 15 years. Patients with trisomy 21 were compared to the Danish Cytogenic Register for trisomy 21. Effecti…

Lifetime total and beverage specific - alcohol intake and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study

2004

Abstract Background We investigated lifetime alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study conducted in Buffalo, NY (1998–2001). Methods The study included 88 men, aged 45 to 85 years with incident, histologically-confirmed prostate cancer and 272 controls. We conducted extensive in-person interviews regarding lifetime alcohol consumption and other epidemiologic data. Results Prostate cancer risk was not associated with lifetime intake of total and beverage specific ethanol. In addition we found no association with number of drinks per day (average drinks per day over the lifetime) or drinks per drinking day (average drinks per day on drinking days only over the lifet…

RISK PERCEPTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN THE GENETIC COUNSELLING FOR HEREDITARY BREAST AND/OR OVARIAN CANCER

Background: Cancer genetic counselling allows the identification of a genetic component that increases the risk of developing a tumor. The psychological reactions are influenced by both the content of the information received, from both the subjetive perception of their own risk of becoming ill or being pruner of genetic mutation. Materials and Methods: This study included 120 participants who underwent genetic counselling for breast and/or ovarian cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the relation between the Cancer Risk Perception and the Genetic Risk during genetic counselling before testing, considering the influence of psychological variables, in particular distress, anxiety and …

Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for a joint model for prostate cancer risk and longitudinal prostate-specific antigen data

2015

The paper describes the use of frequentist and Bayesian shared-parameter joint models of longitudinal measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). The motivating dataset corresponds to the screening arm of the Spanish branch of the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer study. The results show that PSA is highly associated with the risk of being diagnosed with PCa and that there is an age-varying effect of PSA on PCa risk. Both the frequentist and Bayesian paradigms produced very close parameter estimates and subsequent 95% confidence and credibility intervals. Dynamic estimations of disease-free probabilities obtained using Bayesian infe…