Search results for " deficit"
showing 10 items of 404 documents
Can neurophysiological markers of anticipation and attention predict ADHD severity and neurofeedback outcomes?
2021
Abstract Neurophysiological measures of preparation and attention are often atypical in ADHD. Still, replicated findings that these measures predict which patients improve after Neurofeedback (NF), reveal neurophysiological specificity, and reflect ADHD-severity are limited. Methods We analyzed children’s preparatory (CNV) and attentional (Cue-P3) brain activity and behavioral performance during a cued Continuous Performance Task (CPT) before and after slow cortical potential (SCP)-NF or semi-active control treatment (electromyogram biofeedback). Mixed-effects models were performed with 103 participants at baseline and 77 were assessed for pre-post comparisons focusing on clinical outcome p…
Clinical risk factors for bipolar disorders: A systematic review of prospective studies
2014
Background: Early phases and suspected precursor states of bipolar disorder are not well characterized. We evaluate the prevalence, duration, clinical features and predictive value of non-affective psychopathology as clinical risk factors for bipolar disorder in prospective studies. Methods: We screened PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, SCOPUS, and ISI-Web of Science databases from inception up to January 31, 2014, following PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and searched: bipolar disorder AND [antecedentn OR predictn OR prodromn OR prospectn OR riskn] AND [diagnosis OR development]. We included only English language reports on prospective…
Who says this is a modern disorder? The early history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
2015
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although the first clinical description of a constellation of symptoms highly resembling to what currently could be diagnosed as ADHD is generally attributed to George F Still in 1902, there are scattered but significant published historical medical, scientific and non-scientific reports, much prior to Still's lectures, of what is currently conceptualized as ADHD. The present report aimed at exploring the early history of ADHD, prior to the 20(th) century in the medical literature and in…
Anterior Cervical Subaxial Treatment (Fusion)
2019
Cervical radiculopathy caused by a soft disc herniation or a foraminal stenosis is a common problem. While symptoms from soft disc herniations have high chances to recover after conservative therapy persisting radicular pain or a neurological deficit are accepted as an indication for surgical treatment. The surgical technique regarded as gold standard for cervical radiculopathy due to a disc herniation or foraminal stenosis is an anterior cervical discectomy followed by fusion. The chapter will outline the indications for anterior cervical discectomy, the clinical and radiographic results as well as the potential complications and secondary problems.
Health outcomes and costs in patients with osteoarthritis and chronic pain treated with opioids in Spain: the OPIOIDS real-world study.
2020
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze health outcomes, resource utilization, and costs in osteoarthritis patients with chronic nociceptive pain who began treatment with an opioid in real-world practice in Spain. Methods: We designed a non-interventional, retrospective, longitudinal study with 36 months of follow-up using electronic medical records (EMRs) from primary care centers, of patients aged 18+ years who began a new treatment with an opioid drug in usual practice for chronic pain due to osteoarthritis. Health/non-health resource utilization and costs, treatment adherence, pain change, cognitive functioning, and dependence for basic activities of daily living (BADL) we…
Visual Attention, Orthographic Word Recognition, and Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD, Dyslexia, or ADHD + Dyslexia
2019
Objective: The current study examined the differences in visual selective attention, orthographic word recognition, and executive functioning. Method: One hundred and forty Ecuadorian children in third and fifth grades of elementary school (8-10 years old) participated in the study—35 with only dyslexia (DD), 35 with the combined type of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-C), 35 with disorders (DD + ADHD-C), and 35 typical development children (TD). Results: The Ecuadorian children with DD and/or ADHD-C in this age range usually have difficulties in visual selective attention, and also in orthographic word recognition. The executive functioning results showed that such func…
Prevalence and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Spain: study protocol for extending a systematic review with updated meta-a…
2019
© The Author(s) 2019.
Particulate Matter Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies
2019
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common cognitive and behavioural disorder affecting children, with a worldwide-pooled prevalence of around 5%. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is suspected to be associated with autism spectrum disorders and recent studies have investigated the relationship between PM exposure and ADHD. In the absence of any synthesis of the relevant literature on this topic, this systematic review of epidemiological studies aimed to investigate the relationship between the exposure of children to PM and ADHD and identify gaps in our current knowledge. In December 2018, we searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases. We only included…
Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD
2012
Background: Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods: A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 618 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go …
Guanfacine extended release for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Efficacy following prior methylphenidate trea…
2016
Guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX) are nonstimulant treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As nonstimulant treatments are often used after stimulants in ADHD, GXR was assessed relative to prior stimulant treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which ATX was included as a reference arm, and in the open-label phase of a randomized-withdrawal study (RWS). Participants were 6–17 years old with ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scores ≥32 and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity scores ≥4. RCT participants received dose-optimized GXR (1–7 mg/day), ATX (10–100 mg/day), or placebo for 10–13 weeks. RWS participants received dose-o…