Search results for " diet."
showing 10 items of 2937 documents
Diet to Reduce the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Menopause. The Logic for Olive Oil
2020
The rates of metabolic syndrome are increasing in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, primarily due to its concomitant insulin resistance. This is particularly concerning for women, as the years around menopause are accompanied by an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance. A fall in estrogens and increase in the androgen/estrogen ratio is attributed a determining role in this process, which has been confirmed in other physiological models, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, with special emphasis on nutrition, has been recommended as a first-line strategy in consensuses and guidelines. A consistent body of evidence has ac…
Impact of Obesity in Kidney Diseases.
2021
The clinical consequences of obesity on the kidneys, with or without metabolic abnormalities, involve both renal function and structures. The mechanisms linking obesity and renal damage are well understood, including several effector mechanisms with interconnected pathways. Higher prevalence of urinary albumin excretion, sub-nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, increased risk of developing CKD, and progression to ESKD have been identified as being associated with obesity and having a relevant clinical impact. Moreover, renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation are also influenced by obesity. Losing weight is key in limiting the impact that obesity produces on the kidneys by reduc…
Taste of Fat and Obesity: Different Hypotheses and Our Point of View
2022
Obesity results from a temporary or prolonged positive energy balance due to an alteration in the homeostatic feedback of energy balance. Food, with its discriminative and hedonic qualities, is a key element of reward-based energy intake. An alteration in the brain reward system for highly palatable energy-rich foods, comprised of fat and carbohydrates, could be one of the main factors involved in the development of obesity by increasing the attractiveness and consumption of fat-rich foods. This would induce, in turn, a decrease in the taste of fat. A better understanding of the altered reward system in obesity may open the door to a new era for the diagnosis, management and treatment of th…
Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease
2020
The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of …
Impact of intermittent energy restriction on anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers in patients with overweight and obesity: system…
2020
This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) on anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers. A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if the intervention lasted ≥12 weeks and IER was compared with either continuous energy restriction (CER) or a usual diet. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for eight outcomes. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Seventeen RCTs with 1328 participants were included. IER in comparison to a usual diet may reduce body weight (mean difference [MD]: −4.83 kg, 95%-CI: −5.46, −4.21; n = 6 RCTs), wais…
COVID Obesity: A One-Year Narrative Review
2021
On 11 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study focuses on a narrative review about the illness during the first year of the pandemic in relation to obesity. Databases were used to search studies published up to 8 December 2020. In total, 4430 articles and other scientific literature were found, and 24 articles were included in this one-year narrative review. The mean BMI value of severe COVID-19 patients ranged from 24.5 to 33.4 kg/m2, versus 2 for non-severe patients. Articles using the terms obesity or overweight without indicating the BMI value in these patients were common, but this is not useful, as the a…
Adipokines in obesity and metabolic diseases
2020
Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines that regulate important physiological functions. Growing studies have highlighted that these bioactive molecules may contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Adipokines exert systemic metabolic effects and independent activity on numerous cells of the cardiovascular system, including cardiomyocytes and vascular cell walls. Adiponectin shows anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activity on blood vessels. Conversely, resistin is endowed with pro-inflammatory effects and stimulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, thus promoting the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Leptin plays an important role in card…
The corticotrophin-releasing factor/urocortin system regulates white fat browning in mice through paracrine mechanisms.
2015
Objectives:\ud The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)/urocortin system is expressed in the adipose tissue of mammals, but its functional role in this tissue remains unknown.\ud \ud Methods:\ud Pharmacological manipulation of the activity of CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, was performed in 3T3L1 white pre-adipocytes and T37i brown pre-adipocytes during in vitro differentiation. The expression of genes of the CRF/urocortin system and of markers of white and brown adipocytes was evaluated along with mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular oxygen consumption. Metabolic evaluation of corticosterone-deficient or supplemented Crhr1-null (Crhr1−/−) mice and their wild-type controls was performed alo…
Endothelial Function in Obese Patients Treated with Bariatric Surgery
2020
Antonio Maria Borzì,1,2,* Carola Buscemi,3,4,* Davide Corleo,3,4 Cristiana Randazzo,3,4 Giuseppe Rosafio,3,4 Gianni Pantuso,5 Silvio Buscemi3,4 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Specialization School in Geriatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; 2Specialization School in Geriatrics, Catania, Italy; 3Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palerno, Italy; 4Unit of Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Policlinico University Hospital, Palermo, Italy; 5Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche e Odontostomatologiche (DICHIRONS), Unit of Chirurgia Onco…
High-intensity interval training and moderate intensity training with exogenous adenosine counteract development of obesity in rats
2022
Objectives High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Training (MIT) can combat the obesity epidemic. However, studies comparing their effects on obesity show controversial findings regarding weight loss. Adenosine has emerged as a possible, novel therapeutic agent to treat obesity, but more preclinical studies on its efficacy are needed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the effects of HIIT and MIT on obesity, and further to determine the dose-dependent effects of adenosine on body weight. Equipment and methods We induced obesity in male Wistar rats with high-fat diet (HFD) and monitored development of obesity by comparing the weight to rats on nor…