Search results for " differences"

The Age-Participation Relationship Revised: Focus on Older Adults

1998

This study aims to increase our understanding of how the negative influence of age on participation comes about. The framework used emphasizes human life complexity and human agency in behavior and decision-making. Accordingly, main effects and multiple interaction effects of age and some education and work-related factors on participation were examined. The results show that when the interaction effects are taken into account, the age-participation relationship becomes more complex than previously found in studies focusing only on main effects. It is suggested that research on participation utilize the more advanced options available in multivariate statistics and thus aim at better compa…

The development of rhythm at the age of 6–11 years: non-pitch rhythmic improvisation

2006

In the statistical and transcriptional analyses reported in this exploratory study, original rhythms of 6–11-year-old children (N = 36) were examined. The hypotheses were based on a new model of musical development, and tested empirically using non-pitch rhythmic improvisation in a MIDI-environment. Several representational types were found in cluster analysis. The types are comparable to those found in earlier studies of rhythm. A dimensional conflict appeared between grouping and metre, and was solved in the last substage (10–11 years). Age was found to be a significant factor in the development of the hierarchy of form, the amount of different rhythm patterns, the metrical hierarchy, as …

Convergence of a high-order compact finite difference scheme for a nonlinear Black-Scholes equation

2004

A high-order compact finite difference scheme for a fully nonlinear parabolic differential equation is analyzed. The equation arises in the modeling of option prices in financial markets with transaction costs. It is shown that the finite difference solution converges locally uniformly to the unique viscosity solution of the continuous equation. The proof is based on a careful study of the discretization matrices and on an abstract convergence result due to Barles and Souganides.

Age differences in olfactory affective responses: evidence for a positivity effect and an emotional dedifferentiation

2021

International audience; Studies on aging and hedonic judgment of odors have never been addressed within the empirical frameworks of age-related changes in emotion which state that advancing age is associated with a reduced negativity bias and a less pronounced differentiation between hedonic valence and emotional intensity judgments. Our aim was to examine and extend these age-related effects into the field of odors. Thirty-eight younger adults and 40 older adults were asked to evaluate the hedonic valence, emotional intensity, and familiarity of 50 odors controlled for their pleasantness. Compared to younger adults, older adults rated unpleasant odorants as less unpleasant and showed an in…

On the ecology of littoral Oligochaeta of an oligotrophic Finnish lake

1982

In material sampled from 0.5–6 m on two sampling dates and three subareas the dominant Oligochaeta were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede and Peloscolex ferox (Eisen), both composing more than 30% of the abundances of oligochaetes present. The numbers of Oligochaeta were mostly higher in August than in May. Regional differences could be found although the lake seems to be very homogenous. Temporal and vertical variations were detectable in separate subareas. The oligochaete biomass was maximal at 2 m depth. In soft bottom sediments the oligochaetes composed 15.9% of macrobenthos biomass and 12.2% of numbers, but on the stony bottom only 1.9% of numbers. The ratio of Oligochaeta/Chironomida…

Gender differences among professionals dedicated to Oral Implantology in Spain: An observational study.

2021

Background: Despite the development of society and the educational progress achieved at the university education level, women continue to face obstacles that hinder their professional development. This study aims to determine whether there are gender differences in a representative sample of professionals dedicated to Oral Implantology in Spain. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. An electronic survey consisting of two blocks of questions was sent to members of the Spanish Society of Implants. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: A tot…

Gender differences in ultimatum games: Despite rather than due to risk attitudes

2012

Abstract We analyze experimental data obtained from an ultimatum game framed as a situation of employee–employer negotiation over salaries. Parallel to this, we elicit subjects’ risk attitudes. In the existing literature, it has often been conjectured that gender differences in strategic environments are partly due to differences in risky decision making. Our evidence suggests that both gender and risk-related effects co-exist in ultimatum bargaining. However, differences in risk attitudes cannot explain gender effects in ultimatum bargaining.

Being Moved by Unfamiliar Sad Music Is Associated with High Empathy

2016

The paradox of enjoying listening to music that evokes sadness is yet to be fully understood. Unlike prior studies that have explored potential explanations related to lyrics, memories, and mood regulation, we investigated the types of emotions induced by unfamiliar, instrumental sad music, and whether these responses are consistently associated with certain individual difference variables. One hundred and two participants were drawn from a representative sample to minimize self-selection bias. The results suggest that the emotional responses induced by unfamiliar sad music could be characterized in terms of three underlying factors: Relaxing sadness, Moving sadness, and Nervous sadness. Re…

Quality of Parenting and contextual characteristics in a sample of South-Italian mothers

2008

HETEROGENEOUS OXYGEN TRANSPORT WITHIN MALIGNANT TUMORS

1981

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the heterogeneous oxygen transport within malignant tumors. Many solid tumors disturbances in the vascularization and in the microcirculation generally lead to distinct restrictions in the convective and diffusive transport. Beyond that, a heterogeneous distribution of the transport conditions develops causing an insufficient and heterogeneous substrate supply as well as an inadequate drainage of wastes. As one of the compulsory manifestations, a poor and heterogeneous oxygen supply becomes more extensively evident with increasing tumor size or age. The polarographic measurements of the local tissue pO 2 values in animal tumors show that very low oxy…