Search results for " dose"
showing 10 items of 593 documents
The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer: Expert discussion and recommendations from the 12th ESMO/World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, B…
2011
Well-recognized experts in the field of gastric cancer discussed during the 12th European Society Medical Oncology (ESMO)/World Congress Gastrointestinal Cancer (WCGIC) in Barcelona many important and controversial topics on the diagnosis and management of patients with gastric cancer. This article summarizes the recommendations and expert opinion on gastric cancer. It discusses and reflects on the regional differences in the incidence and care of gastric cancer, the definition of gastro-esophageal junction and its implication for treatment strategies and presents the latest recommendations in the staging and treatment of primary and metastatic gastric cancer. Recognition is given to the ne…
Cone-beam computed tomography in lung stereotactic ablative radiation therapy: predictive parameters of early response
2016
To analyze lung lesion volume variations by contouring on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images to evaluate the early predictive parameters of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) treatment response.The prescribed dose of SABR was varied according to the tumour site (central or peripheral) and maximum diameter of the lesions by using a strategy of risk-adapted dose prescription with a dose range between 48 and 70 Gy in 3-10 consecutive fractions. For the purpose of the analysis, the gross tumour volume (GTV) was recontoured for each patient at first and last CBCT using two lung levels/windows: (a) -600/1000 HU and (b) -1000/250 HU. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate a correlation …
9 Development of an experimental tool to evaluate normal tissue 3D doses in external-beam radiotherapy
2018
Introduction Recently, cancer treatment improvement enabled an increase in patients’ survival rate. In more than half of the cases, radiotherapy participates in the cure for cancer. The efficacy of this technique is well known but it inevitably delivers doses to normal tissues exposing them to radio-induced complications risks [1] . Moreover, the longer patients’ life expectancy increases the risk of developing long-term complications such as second cancers. Thus, evaluating the risks following cancer treatment involving radiotherapy constitutes a major challenge. In this context, an experimental tool has been developed to evaluate normal tissue doses delivered by the different radiotherapy…
Low dose CT of the heart: a quantum leap into a new era of cardiovascular imaging.
2010
In 10 years, computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has shifted from an investigational tool to clinical reality. Even though CT technologies are very advanced and widely available, a large body of evidence supporting the clinical role of CTCA is missing. The reason is that the speed of technological development has outpaced the ability of the scientific community to demonstrate the clinical utility of the technique. In addition, with each new CT generation, there is a further broadening of actual and potential applications. In this review we examine the state of the art on CTCA. In particular, we focus on issues concerning technological development, radiation dose, implementation,…
CT coronary angiography at an ultra-low radiation dose (< 0.1 mSv): feasible and viable in times of constraint on healthcare costs
2013
Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has reached very high standards both in terms of diagnostic performance and radiation dose reduction. This commentary follows a report on CTCA using less than 0.1 mSv in selected patients. This is an extraordinary accomplishment, both for technology and for medicine. The difficult task is now to implement this tool in clinical practice so it can play the best possible role. CTCA can improve diagnostic pathways, can save money for healthcare systems and could even improve pharmacological therapy. All of this may happen, but it will require the combined effort of all the experienced operators in this field, including the referring clinicians. In…
Beer produced via hydrodynamic cavitation retains higher amounts of xanthohumol and other hops prenylflavonoids
2017
Abstract Some of the most valuable bioactive compounds in beer comes from hops polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, some of which are unique to inflorescences of that flowering plant. Although far from pharmacologically relevant concentrations, low doses of xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids found in beer contribute to the overall antioxidant activity of the product, as well as to significant chemopreventive action about certain diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and some cancer types. Hence, the efforts to explore both ingredients and brewing methods aimed at enhancing the concentration of such bioactive compounds. In this study, a novel brewing method assisted by hydrod…
Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Pesticides on the Feeding Behavior of Daphnia magna
1994
Daphnia magna was exposed to sublethal levels (1/4, 1/2, and 2/3 LC50 and LC50) of endosulfan and diazinon to determine the effect of these pesticides on filtration and ingestion rates. The experiments were performed with the unicellular algae Nannochloris oculata in a density of 5 x 10(5) cells/ml. Prior to these experiments, the acute toxicity of both pesticides was evaluated to calculate the LC50s. The 24-hr LC50 values were 0.62 mg/liter and 0.9 microgram/liter for endosulfan and diazinon, respectively. Rates of filtration and ingestion declined with increasing toxicant concentrations after a short exposure of 5 hr. The effective concentration at which feeding rates were reduced to 50% …
Double-Blind Study on the Effects of Steroids on Severe Closed Head Injury
1976
The results of a double-blind study on the effects of a low dose and a high dose of dexamethasone on severe closed head injury are presented. The steroid, particularly in high dose, reduced mortality, improved the neurologic course and the final outcome. Timing of steroid administration is of great importance.
3D-Printed Solid Dispersion Drug Products.
2019
With the well-known advantages of additive manufacturing methods such as three-dimensional (3D) printing in drug delivery, it is disappointing that only one product has been successful in achieving regulatory approval in the past few years. Further research and development is required in this area to introduce more 3D printed products into the market. Our study investigates the potential of fixed dose combination solid dispersion drug products generated via 3D printing. Two model drugs&mdash
Predictive factors for sustained virological response after treatment with pegylated interferon α-2a and ribavirin in patients infected with HCV geno…
2014
BackgroundPrevious trials have often defined genotype 2 and 3 patients as an "easy to treat" group and guidelines recommend similar management.AimsThe present study looks for differences between the two genotypes and analyzes predictive factors for SVR.MethodsProspective, community-based cohort study involving 421 physicians throughout Germany. The analysis includes 2,347 patients with untreated chronic HCV genotype 2 (n = 391) and 3 (n = 1,956) infection treated with PEG-IFN α-2a plus ribavirin between August 2007 and July 2012.ResultsWhen compared with genotype 2 patients, those with genotype 3 were younger, had a shorter duration of infection, lower values of total cholesterol, LDL chole…