Search results for " equivalent"
showing 10 items of 172 documents
Cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review a…
2021
Highlights • High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with 58% lower all-cause mortality risk and 73% lower cardiovascular mortality risk compared to unfit counterparts. • Each 1 metabolic equivalent (1-MET) increase in CRF is associated with a 19% lower CVD mortality risk among patients with CVD. • Coronary artery disease patients with high CRF have a 68% lower all-cause mortality risk than their unfit counterparts. • Each 1-MET increase in CRF is associated with a 17% lower all-cause mortality risk among patients with coronary artery disease. • No significant associations were found between increments of 1-MET and lower mortality ris…
Elective partial nephrectomy is equivalent to radical nephrectomy in patients with clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma: results of a retrospective, comp…
2012
Study Type - Therapy (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Few studies supported the expanded indications for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in selected patients with 4.1 cm renal tumours in the size range (T1b). However, all these comparative studies included both imperative and elective partial nephrectomy and patient selection for analysis was based on pathological stage (pT1) and not on clinical stage (cT1). Patients with clinically organ-confined RCC (cT1) who are candidates for elective PN have a limited risk of clinical understaging. NSS is not associated with an increased risk of recurrence and cancer-specific mortality both in cT1a a…
Sensitivity of external resources to cash flow under financial constraints
2014
Abstract This paper explores the external financing–cash flow relationship in capital structure theory by comparing unlisted (financially constrained) and listed (financially unconstrained) companies. We postulate that investment is determined endogenously in the case of unlisted firms, as they are strongly dependent on internally generated funds (cash flow). Consequently, unlisted firms invest their cash flow in profitable projects, using any residual cash flow to increase their holdings of safe assets. In turn, listed companies determine their investment exogenously and may reduce leverage if they raise an excess of cash flow. As a result, listed companies would react more negatively to s…
Definition of diagonal Poisson's ratio and elastic modulus for infill masonry walls
2014
The prediction of the response of infilled frames through the simplified approach of substituting the infill with an equivalent pin-jointed strut is treated. In this framework the results of an experimental study for the mechanical characterization of different types of masonry infills having the aim of estimating strength, Young modulus and Poisson's ratio are presented. Four types of masonry were investigated and subjected to ordinary compressive tests orthogonally to the mortar beds and along the directions of the mortar beds. The experimental campaign confirmed the possibility of using an orthotropic plate model for prediction of the Poisson's ratio and Young modulus along the diagonal …
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for studying passive layers on steel rebars immersed in alkaline solutions simulating concrete pores
2007
Present paper deals with the use of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to identify different processes in the passive layer growth over steel rebar surface immersed in an alkaline media simulating the concrete pore solution. Two cases have been considered: a passive layer spontaneously grown in a high alkaline media and a passive layer assisted by the application of an anodic potential in the same media. The application of electric equivalent circuits allows distinguishing between the different mechanisms occurring in this passive layer when grows in different conditions. An electric equivalent circuit with two RC loops connected in parallel is often used for fitting the EIS diagram…
A new dynamic identification technique: application to the evaluation of the equivalent strut for infilled frames
2003
A new time domain identification technique for systems under Gaussian white noise input is presented, requiring for its application the measurement of the system response but no information about input intensity. The technique proposed is based on the statistic moment equations derived by using a special class of mathematical models named "potential models". These models allow one to determine fundamental properties of the response statistics, making it possible to identify stiffness and dissipation features of a structural system, and also to determine the excitation input. The technique proposed is here applied to the identification of the strut equivalent to the infill of a single story-…
Editorial: Calculation of Passenger Car Equivalents at Roundabouts
2021
Editorial on the Research Topic: Calculation of Passenger Car Equivalents at Roundabouts About this Research Topic: Calculation of Passenger Car Equivalents (PCEs) for heavy vehicles represents the starting point for the operational analysis of road facilities and other traffic management applications. PCEs are used to consider the presence of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream and are expressed as multiples of the effect of an average passenger car. Moreover, the highly curvilinear nature of the roundabout design, both in urban and rural environment, has significant effects on the paths that heavy vehicles would travel; as a consequence, the interaction between the physical and performan…
Volcano seismicity and ground deformation unveil the gravity-driven magma discharge dynamics of a volcanic eruption.
2015
Effusive eruptions are explained as the mechanism by which volcanoes restore the equilibrium perturbed by magma rising in a chamber deep in the crust. Seismic, ground deformation and topographic measurements are compared with effusion rate during the 2007 Stromboli eruption, drawing an eruptive scenario that shifts our attention from the interior of the crust to the surface. The eruption is modelled as a gravity-driven drainage of magma stored in the volcanic edifice with a minor contribution of magma supplied at a steady rate from a deep reservoir. Here we show that the discharge rate can be predicted by the contraction of the volcano edifice and that the very-long-period seismicity migrat…
Cyclic response of masonry infilled RC frames: Experimental results and simplified modeling
2014
The recent large interest in nonlinear seismic analysis methods, static and dynamic, has required proper strategies of modeling based on reliable, and at the same time easy to use, constitutive laws for the structural elements. Regarding the behavior of framed structures, special attention has to be devoted to infills because of the key role they play in modifying overall stiffness, strength and ductility under seismic excitation. Pointing out the attention on this topic the paper discusses a criteria for modeling the structural behavior of infills based on a macromodeling approach, that is to say on the substitution of infills with diagonal pin jointed struts. Is here shown how multilinear…
Physical activity and laryngeal cancer
2019
Although an active lifestyle physical has been convincingly associated with a decreased risk of developing many forms of cancers, including neck and head malignancies, uncertainty surrounds the relationship between physical activity (PA) and laryngeal carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic evidence, garnered from some well-conducted cross-sectional, prospective and retrospective studies, seemingly attests that the impact of PA may be not so straightforward in lowering laryngeal cancer risk as for other malignancies. Reasonable consensus has been reached that moderate-intensity PA may generate the larger potential benefits, whilst the effect of high-intensity PA appears more controversial and even co…