Search results for " flexibility"
showing 10 items of 142 documents
Coping with Asymmetric Shocks in the EMU: The Role of Labour Market Flexibility
2013
The chapter discusses the economic conditions for the success of EMU when there is still a need for structural reforms in the markets of goods and services, and factors of production. In view of asymmetric shocks, experience shows that behaviour in nominal and real wage growth resulted in increased unemployment throughout the EU15. Fiscal policy, on the other hand, could mitigate to some extent the burden of wage adjustment, and could play an important role in improving productivity. In general, however, smooth shock-absorption requires a flexible wage formation process to circumvent low employment levels, but the risk of hysteresis would remain. To avoid the accumulation of wage and labour…
"Being Flexible": graduates Facing Changes in Their Work Environment
2011
According to the crucial importance of innovation for modern economies, the role of graduates regarding innovation appears to be a major topic when their performances in the labour market at stake. Five main questions are addressed in this chapter: (1) What does innovation mean? (2) Which organisations are likely to be more innovative? (3) What role do Higher Education graduates play regarding innovation? (4) Are they equipped to do develop innovation? (5) Which are the occupations more related to innovation, and are innovative activities rewarded? The results presented in this chapter confirm that higher education graduates are crucial actors in the innovation process. The jobs of innovati…
Identifying Resilient and Non-Resilient Labour Conditions in Europe Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis
2016
Based on the concept of labour market resilience, this paper is aimed to determine the combination of initial conditions behind resilient and non-resilient labour markets after the financial crisis in 2008 in Europe. We start from the assumption that some initial conditions in 2007 are crucial to achieve a specific labour result when a shock appears. In this sense, the effect of temporary employment in cyclical sectors, labour market flexibility, the level of education among the workforce, and the expenditure on Labour Market Policies (LMP) have been tested using crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) in 25 European countries. Whilst our results do not explain labour market resi…
Brain-predicted age difference score is related to specific cognitive functions: A multi-site replication analysis
2021
Abstract Brain-predicted age difference scores are calculated by subtracting chronological age from ‘brain’ age. Positive scores reflect accelerated ageing and are associated with increased mortality risk and poorer physical function. To date, however, the relationship between brain-predicted age difference scores and specific cognitive functions has not been systematically examined. First, applying machine learning to 1,359 T1-weighted MRI scans, we predicted the relationship between chronological age and voxel-wise grey matter data. This model was then applied to MRI data from three independent datasets, significantly predicting chronological age: Dokuz Eylul University (n=175), the Cogni…
Evolución histórica de la autonomía de la voluntad en el Derecho matrimonial
2021
The autonomy of the will or power of self-regulation of relationships derived from marriage is a subject that is on the rise and that we can qualify as novel. More and more couples are opting to proceed making use of this power to self-regulate both personal and property effects derived from their union or its future breakdown. In the Spanish legal system there is no precise and complete regulation of the subject, without all these figures being equally legislated, although all are admitted without any doubt by jurisprudence. In recent years there has been an evolution of Family law, traditionally very reluctant to give space to self-regulation. Our Constitution marks a turning point by cha…
A field test of behavioural flexibility in Zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita).
2010
7 pages; International audience; Animals' ability to adjust their behaviour when environmental conditions change can increase their likelihood of survival. Although such behavioural flexibility is regularly observed in the field, it has proven difficult to systematically quantify and predict inter-individual differences in free-living animals. We presented 24 Zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita) on 12 territories with two learning tests in their natural habitat in Barbados. The dove pairs showed high site fidelity and territoriality, allowing us to test individuals repeatedly while accounting for the effects of territorial chases and pair bonds on our learning measures. We used a foraging apparat…
Psychological flexibility mediates change in intuitive eating regulation in acceptance and commitment therapy interventions
2017
AbstractObjectiveDespite the promising results related to intuitive eating, few studies have attempted to explain the processes encouraging this adaptive eating behaviour. The focus of the present study was on exploring mechanisms of change in intuitive eating and weight in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions. Mediation provides important information regarding the treatment processes and theoretical models related to specific treatment approaches. The study investigates whether psychological flexibility, mindfulness skills and sense of coherence mediated the interventions’ effect on intuitive eating and weight.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized control trial. Mediati…
Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Active Videogames on Cognitive Flexibility, Reaction Time, and Perceived Exertion in Older Adults
2019
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of aerobic exercise (AE), active videogames (AVG), and AE+AVG on cognitive flexibility, choice reaction time (CRT), and po...
Alcohol preference, behavioural reactivity and cognitive functioning in female rats exposed to a three-bottle choice paradigm.
2012
Alcohol abuse is a substantial and growing health problem in Western societies. In the last years in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that males and females display a different alcohol drinking behaviour, with swingeing differences not only in the propensity for alcohol use but also in the metabolic and behavioural consequences. In this study we investigated, in adult female rats, ethanol self-administration and preference pattern using a 3-bottle paradigm with water, 10% ethanol solution, and white wine (10%, v/v), along a four-week period. The influence of alcohol free-access on explorative behaviour in the open field (OF), and on spatial learning and reference memory in the Morri…
Executive Functions Profile in Extreme Eating/Weight Conditions : From Anorexia Nervosa to Obesity
2012
Background: Extreme weight conditions (EWC) groups along a continuum may share some biological risk factors and intermediate neurocognitive phenotypes. A core cognitive trait in EWC appears to be executive dysfunction, with a focus on decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Differences between individuals in these areas are likely to contribute to the differences in vulnerability to EWC. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a common pattern of executive dysfunction in EWC while comparing anorexia nervosa patients (AN), obese subjects (OB) and healthy eating/weight controls (HC). Methods: Thirty five AN patients, fifty two OB and one hundred thirty…