Search results for " glutathione"
showing 7 items of 37 documents
An Intercellular Flow of Glutathione Regulated by Interleukin 6 Links Astrocytes and the Liver in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
2021
Oxidative stress has been proposed as a major mechanism of damage to motor neurons associated with the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Astrocytes are the most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system and, under physiological conditions, protect neurons from oxidative damage. However, it is uncertain how their reactive phenotype may affect motor neurons during ALS progression. In two different ALS mouse models (SOD1G93A and FUS-R521C), we found that increased levels of proinflammatory interleukin 6 facilitate glutathione (GSH) release from the liver to blood circulation, which can reach the astrocytes and be channeled towards motor neurons as a mechanism of anti…
Immediate early response of the marine sponge Suberites domuncula to heat stress: Reduction of trehalose and glutathione concentrations and glutathio…
1997
The marine sponge Suberites domuncula was used to identify early markers for thermal stress. Cubes from sponges have been kept for 30 min at 31°C (10 °C higher than the ambient temperature). After this treatment the sponge cubes were kept again at 21°C. To demonstrate that the animals reacted to the elevated temperature, the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) was determined. Using an antibody raised against HSP70, it was found by Western blotting that the animals specifically express a 45 kDa polypeptide after heat treatment. It was shown that even after 10 min of heat treatment the steady-state concentration of trehalose drops by 40% from a base level of 13 nmol/mg protein. The activit…
Oral glutathione increases hepatic glutathione and prevents acetaminophen toxicity
1990
Administration of oral glutathione (GSH) increases hepatic GSH levels in fasted rats, in mice treated with GSH depletors such as diethylmaleate and in mice treated with high doses of paracetamol. An increase in hepatic GSH levels after administration of oral GSH does not occur in animals treated with buthionine suphoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Administration of oral GSH leads to an increase in the concentration of L-cysteine, a precursor of GSH, in portal blood plasma. Oral administration of L-methio-nine to fasted rats produced a significant decrease of hepatic ATP, but not in fed rats. Administration of N-acetyl-cysteine or GSH did not affect the hepatic ATP levels. The results…
Prolonging in utero-like oxygenation after birth diminishes oxidative stress in the lung and brain of mice pups☆
2013
Background Fetal-to-neonatal transition is associated with oxidative stress. In preterm infants, immaturity of the antioxidant system favours supplemental oxygen-derived morbidity and mortality. Objectives To assess if prolonging in utero-like oxygenation during the fetal-to-neonatal transition limits oxidative stress in the lung and brain, improving postnatal adaptation of mice pups. Material and methods Inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) in pregnant mice was reduced from 21% (room air) to 14% (hypoxia) 8–12 h prior to delivery and reset to 21% 6–8 h after birth. The control group was kept at 21% during the procedure. Reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and its precursors [γ-glut…
[35] Determination of oxidized glutathione in blood: High-performance liquid chromatography
1994
Publisher Summary The measurement of glutathione status is important in determining oxidative stress in tissues and biological fluids. The ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) is a good indicator of the oxidative stress that may occur under physiological and pathological conditions. Changes in GSSG levels have been considered as intracellular signals able to modulate enzyme activity. Thus, it is important to have accurate methods to determine GSSG in biological fluids and in cells. In many cases, it is possible to use tissues, such as liver, muscle, or brain to determine GSH/GSSG. However, especially in human studies, samples from these tissues are not readily available; the …
Myocardial Glutathione Alterations in Acute Coronary Occlusion in the Dog
1987
Glutathione (GSH) decreases in dog mycocardium upon acute coronary occlusion when compared with sham-operated dogs. Total glutathione content (GSHeq = GSH + ZGSSG) remains unchanged throughout the experiment (6 h after surgery) in both sham- and acute coronary occlusion-operated dogs. GSSG and GSH/GSSG ratio increases and decreases respectively in all animals but tends to reach the normal value after 6 h in sham-operated dogs. Both parameters (GSSG and GSH/GSSG ratio) remain altered in acute coronary occlusion-operated ones. This alteration of glutathione status in ischemic myocardium is discussed.
Effect of oral glutathione on hepatic glutathione levels in rats and mice
1989
Administration of oral glutathione (GSH) increases hepatic GSH levels in fasted rats, in mice treated with GSH depletors such as diethyl maleate and in mice treated with high doses of paracetamol. An increase in hepatic GSH levels after administration of oral GSH does not occur in animals treated with buthionine sulphoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Administration of oral GSH leads to an increase in the concentration of l-cysteine, a precursor of GSH, in portal blood plasma. Oral administration of l-methionine produced a significant decrease of hepatic ATP in fasted rats, but not in fed rats. Administration ofN−acetylcysteine or GSH did not affect the hepatic ATP levels. The results …