Search results for " hierarchy"

Tonal cognition

2015

International audience; The present chapter deals with tonal cognition, and more precisely with tonal hierarchies and how tonal hierarchies influence music perception in Western music. The 12 chromatic tones, on which Western tonal music is based, are organized in subsets of seven tones that define musical keys. Within a given key, some tones and chords are structurally more important than others, resulting in intra-key hierarchies. Inter-key distances also rely on tonal hierarchies. Keys are not only related because they share several tones, but also because hierarchically important tones in one key continue to be of importance in others. Two major models of tonal hierarchies are detailed:…

Practitioners’ Perceptions of Co-Product Allocation Methods in Biorefinery Development—A Case Study of the Austrian Pulp and Paper Indust…

2022

The utilization of coproducts is a strategy that can be applied to increase the economic and environmental performance of industrial processes and thus reach an objective targeted in several environmental policies. In multi-output production processes, allocation needs to be performed to assess the products’ environmental and economic performance. It is crucial to choose an adequate allocation method, because this choice has been shown to strongly influence overall outcomes. Consequently, rash choices can lead to poor decision-making. Various ways to apply and combine allocation methods can be found in the academic literature, but it is often difficult to find sufficient guidance on how to …

Neuronal and neuroendocrine mechanisms of social rank and stress coping in teleost fish

2015

Fights for social dominance are stressful and results in an activation of the brain serotonergic system. Subordinate animals in an established dominance hierarchy are characterized by a chronic elevation of brain serotonergic activity, an effect that seems to mediate the behavioural inhibition observed in these animals. By contrast, social dominance has been associated with elevated dopaminergic activity, and dopamine (DA) has behavioural effects to some extent opposing those of serotonin (5HT). In addition to effects of the social environment, brain monoaminergic functions are controlled by genetic factors. For instance, zebrafish (Danio rerio) classified as bold, showing a propensity for …

Analistas simbólicos, jerarquía urbana y atracción de talento en las ciudades mundiales españolas (2005-2019): un análisis a partir de la EPA

2021

Este trabajo utiliza los microdatos de la Encuesta de población activa del INE entre 2005 y 2019 para analizar el nivel de competencias de la población ocupada, los procesos de cualificación del mercado de trabajo de las ciudades mundiales españolas (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla y Bilbao) y el papel que están teniendo las migraciones de profesionales y técnicos altamente cualificados como reflejo de su capacidad diferencial para atraer talento externo. Siguiendo el marco conceptual propuesto por Allen J. Scott de creciente polarización de los mercados de trabajo metropolitanos entre una clase de «analistas simbólicos» de alta cualificación y una «subclase de servicios», se considera…

The good, the bad and the advantageous : Migrants’ attitudes towards other migrants

2023

There is a growing number of various ethnic groups in Finland. The attitudes and categorizations that host country nationals have and make regarding migrants is frequently researched. The attitudes that migrants have towards other migrants has, however, been much less researched. This paper provides an in-depth analysis that considers what factors are behind the attitudes that migrants form of other migrants and how these impact categorizations and hierarchies. The empirical research material of this study is based on 77 qualitative interviews with migrants living in Finland, carried out in 2018–2019. In the analysis, various theories of minority relations are applied. The research finds th…

New food provision strategy for a colony of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus): effects on social hierarchy?

2017

The body fables in Babrius, Fab. 134 and 1 Corinthians 12: Hierarchic or democratic leadership in crisis management?

2021

Body metaphors and body fables were frequently used in ancient discourse for social communities and politics. This article will examine a body fable by the Greek fabulist Babrius (Babrius, Fab . 134) that has been overlooked in research so far. It shows a remarkable similarity to 1 Corinthians 12 through the use of central terms such as σῶμα and μέλος or personified speaking body parts such as an eye and head. Even if no literary direct dependence is claimed, the text, which was written at about the same time as 1 Corinthians, sheds light on Paul’s understanding of the body fable. It becomes apparent, however, that the rhetorical function is fundamentally different in the two texts. Whilst …

One Size Fits All?

2010

The creative class thesis put forward by Florida [(2002a) The Rise of the Creative Class and How it's transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books)] has in recent years been subject to vivid debate and criticism. This article applies the creative class thesis onto a Nordic context in order to examine whether Florida's theory proves fruitful in a context different from the US. Based on qualitative data, the paper analyses the role of people climate and business climate for the location of the creative class and firms in three different kinds of regions in four Nordic countries. The analyses demonstrate that the people climate tends to be of secondary importa…

Co‐occurrence patterns in a steppe bird community: insights into the role of dominance and competition

2023

Spatial co-occurrence patterns are determined by environmental factors, such as food availability or habitat characteristics and by biotic associations. When resources are limited, competition which implies a dominant hierarchy can shape species assemblage. Here, we study space and time co-occurrence of steppe passerines during the breeding season in a natural steppe habitat, its modulation by environmental filtering, potential biotic interactions and random processes. We applied the joint species distribution model of hierarchical modelling of species community (HMSC) to data on species presence–absence and environmental, temporal and spatial covariates acquired from seven plots in a natur…

Optimizing the Integration Area and Performance of VLIW Architectures by Hardware/Software Co-design

2021

The cost and the performance are major concerns that the designers of embedded processors shall take into account, especially for market considerations. In order to reduce the cost, embedded systems rely on simple hardware architectures like VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) processors and they look for compiler support. This paper aims at developing a design space explorer of VLIW architectures from different perspectives like processing performance and integration area. A multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to find the optimum hardware configuration of an embedded system and the optimization rules applied by compiler on the benchmarks code. The first step consisted in represen…