Search results for " hiv"

showing 10 items of 138 documents

Effectiveness of a project to prevent HIV vertical transmission in the Republic of Congo

2013

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a prevention programme against the vertical transmission of HIV in a resource-limited setting and to investigate variables associated with compliance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Kento-Mwana project (2005-2008) provided counselling, serological and biomolecular testing and prophylaxis/therapy to HIV-positive pregnant women and their children attending four antenatal clinics in Pointe Noire, Republic of Congo. Expected and actual rates of vertical transmission of HIV were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to identify variables associated with non-compliance. RESULTS: The observed transmission rate in the group wh…

MaleInfectious Disease TransmissionPMTCTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)HIV Infectionsmedicine.disease_causeSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatalaw.inventionlawPregnancyVerticalPharmacology (medical)Prospective StudiesPregnancy Complications InfectiousProspective cohort studyAttrition; Drop-out; Lost to follow-up; Mother-to-child transmission; PMTCT; Congo; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Compliance; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications Infectious; Prospective Studies; Health Services Research; Pharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious DiseasesInfectiousdrop-outTransmission (mechanics)Infectious DiseasesCongoFemaleHealth Services ResearchMicrobiology (medical)attritionHIV prevention; vertical transmission; republic of CongoTransmission rateHIV preventionTarget populationPrenatal caremedicineHumansLost to follow-upPharmacologylost to follow-upPregnancybusiness.industryInfant Newbornmother-to-child transmissionInfantrepublic of CongoPatient Acceptance of Health Caremedicine.diseaseNewbornInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalPregnancy ComplicationsImmunologyPatient Compliancevertical transmissionbusinessDemography
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Declining Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-exposed Individuals in Western Europe

2013

HIV-1 drug resistance represents a major obstacle to infection and disease control. This retrospective study analyzes trends and determinants of resistance in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed individuals across 7 countries in Europe. Of 20 323 cases, 80% carried at least one resistance mutation: these declined from 81% in 1997 to 71% in 2008. Predicted extensive 3-class resistance was rare (3.2% considering the cumulative genotype) and peaked at 4.5% in 2005, decreasing thereafter. The proportion of cases exhausting available drug options dropped from 32% in 2000 to 1% in 2008. Reduced risk of resistance over calendar years was confirmed by multivariable analysis. © 2013 The Author.

MaleMultivariate analysisDatabases FactualDrug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistance0302 clinical medicineRetrospective StudieRisk FactorsEpidemiologyGenotypepol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency ViruOdds RatioPrevalenceImmunology and AllergyHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicinepol Gene ProductsViralMultivariate Analysimedia_common0303 health sciencesDrug Resistance Prevalence HIV-1Middle AgedResistance mutation3. Good healthReverse Transcriptase InhibitorEuropeInfectious DiseasesReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsepidemiologyFemaleMultipleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusHumanDrugAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeEvolutionmedia_common.quotation_subjectSexual Behaviorantiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseaseBiologySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEEvolution Molecular03 medical and health sciencesDatabasesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingDrug Resistance Multiple ViralmedicineHumansHIV Protease InhibitorFactualRetrospective Studies030306 microbiologyRisk FactorMolecularRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratioHIV Protease InhibitorsCD4 Lymphocyte Countantiretroviral therapy; drug resistance; epidemiology; genotyping; HIV-1; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Databases Factual; Europe; Evolution Molecular; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Drug Resistance Multiple Viral; Immunology and Allergy; Infectious Diseasesgenotypingpol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunologyMultivariate AnalysisMutationHIV-1DemographyJournal of Infectious Diseases
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Demonstration of antibodies to the surface (anti-p41) and core proteins (anti-p24) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in individuals positive …

1987

Diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) relies on the demonstration of antibody to this virus. Occasionally, the combined analysis of sera using ELISA and western blot reveals false-positive results. We have compared a newly developed test to detect antibodies to the core (anti-p24) and surface (anti-p41) proteins of HIV with the established tests described above. Anti-p24 and anti-p41 were negative in three individuals positive for anti-HIV by ELISA and immunoblot; they had a low risk to acquire HIV infection and were clinically and immunologically normal and suspected false positive previously. In 62 individuals at risk, anti-p41 was always positive while anti-p…

MaleRiskRetroviridae Proteins OncogenicHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Retroviridae ProteinsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHIV Antibodiesmedicine.disease_causeAntibodies ViralVirusAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)Western blotViral Envelope ProteinsAntibody SpecificityDrug DiscoverymedicineHumansGenetics (clinical)Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromebiologymedicine.diagnostic_testAnti hivvirus diseasesHIVCore proteinGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseVirologyHIV Envelope Protein gp41Immunologybiology.proteinMolecular MedicineFemaleAntibodyKlinische Wochenschrift
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Human CD8 T lymphocytes recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens presented by HLA-E during active tuberculosis and express type 2 cytokines

2015

CD8 T cells contribute to protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In humans, M. tuberculosis reactive CD8 T cells typically recognize peptides associated to classical MHC class Ia molecules, but little information is available on CD8 T cells recognizing M. tuberculosis Ags presented by nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules. We show here that CD8 T cells from tuberculosis (TB) patients recognize HLA-E-binding M. tuberculosis peptides in a CD3/TCR αβ mediated and CD8-dependent manner, and represent an additional type of effector cells playing a role in immune response to M. tuberculosis during active infection. HLA-E-restricted recognition of M. tuberculosis peptides is detectab…

MaleTetramersCytotoxicHLA-EReceptors Antigen T-Cell alpha-betaT-LymphocytesEpitopes T-LymphocyteHIV InfectionsMycobacterium tuberculosiEpitopesHLA-EReceptorsImmunology and AllergyCells CulturedType 2 cytokinealpha-betaCulturedbiologyCoinfectionType 2 cytokinesMedicine (all)BacterialMiddle AgedAcquired immune systemAntibodies Bacterialmedicine.anatomical_structureTBAntigenCytokinesFemaleNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily CNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily DCD8 T lymphocyteProtein BindingAdultTuberculosisSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveT cellCellsImmunologyAntibodiesMycobacterium tuberculosisImmune systemAntigenMHC class ImedicineHumansTuberculosisAntigensSettore MED/04 - Patologia GeneraleAntigens BacterialCD8 T lymphocytes; HLA-E; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; TB; Tetramers; Type 2 cytokines; Adult; Antibodies Bacterial; Antigens Bacterial; Cells Cultured; Coinfection; Cytokines; Epitopes T-Lymphocyte; Female; HIV Infections; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; Protein Binding; Receptors Antigen T-Cell alpha-beta; T-Lymphocytes Cytotoxic; Tuberculosis; Immunology; Immunology and Allergy; Medicine (all)Histocompatibility Antigens Class IMycobacterium tuberculosismedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationT-CellVirologyCD8 T lymphocytesT-LymphocyteImmunologybiology.proteinTetramerT-Lymphocytes CytotoxicCD8 T lymphocytes; HLA-E; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; TB; Tetramers; Type 2 cytokines; Immunology; Immunology and Allergy
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Genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis.

2012

Introduction: This study aimed at defining protease (PR) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (DRV) failure and PR resistance evolution at DRV failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Results: Overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. The mean number of PR mutations at baseline was 2.7, but it was higher in patients who subsequently failed DRV. In addition, the number of PR mutations increased at failure. The increase in the mean number of mutations was completely related to mutations considered to be associated with DRV resistance following the indications of the ma…

MaleTime FactorsCross-sectional studyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistancemedicine.disease_causeCohort StudiesAntiretroviral Therapy Highly ActiveRitonavir-boosted darunavirGenotypeHIV InfectionTreatment FailureViralGenotypic resistanceDarunavirSulfonamidesGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedVirological failureInfectious DiseasesFemaleHumanmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)Logistic ModelTime FactorGenotypeAntiretroviral TherapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVESulfonamideDrug Resistance ViralmedicineHumansHighly ActiveDarunavir; Genotypic resistance; Protease inhibitors; Ritonavir-boosted darunavir; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy Highly Active; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Sulfonamides; Time Factors; Treatment Failure; Drug Resistance Viral; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesHIV Protease InhibitorDarunavirCross-Sectional Studiebusiness.industryHIV Protease InhibitorsProtease inhibitorsAntiretroviral therapyVirologyCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelsProtease inhibitorMutationGenotypic resistanceHIV-1Cohort Studiebusiness
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Arginase activity in the blood of patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection.

2013

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease associated with high mortality. The most important foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia are in the Northwest and are predominantly associated with high rates of HIV co-infection. Co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis patients with HIV results in higher mortality, treatment failure and relapse. We have previously shown that arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, was increased in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in HIV seropositive patients; further our results showed that high arginase activity is a marker of disease severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased arginase activities associated wi…

MaleViral Diseasesmedicine.medical_treatmentEnzyme MetabolismHIV InfectionsParasite loadBiochemistrySeverity of Illness Index0302 clinical medicineBlood plasmaSUPPRESSOR-CELLSMACROPHAGESPLASMA AMINO-ACIDS0303 health sciencesCoinfectionPARASITOLOGYlcsh:Public aspects of medicineImmunosuppression11 Medical And Health SciencesIMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-13. Good healthEnzymesSEROPOSITIVE PATIENTSArginaseInfectious DiseasesCoinfectionMedicineLeishmaniasis VisceralBiological MarkersLife Sciences & BiomedicineResearch ArticleNeglected Tropical DiseasesAdultlcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicineAdolescentlcsh:RC955-962030231 tropical medicineINHIBITIONPeripheral blood mononuclear cellMECHANISMS03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultDONOVANITropical MedicinemedicineParasitic DiseasesACTIVATED GRANULOCYTESHumansAdolescent; Adult; Arginase/blood; Biological Markers/blood; Coinfection/diagnosis; Coinfection/pathology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; HIV Infections/complications; HIV Infections/diagnosis; Humans; Leishmaniasis Visceral/complications; Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnosis; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Young AdultBiology030304 developmental biologyScience & TechnologyArginasebusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthLeishmaniasislcsh:RA1-127006 Biological Sciencesmedicine.diseaseVisceral leishmaniasisCross-Sectional StudiesImmunologyEthiopiabusinessBiomarkersRESPONSES
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Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens as either first-line or switch antiretroviral therapy: data from the Icona cohort

2019

Introduction: Concerns about dolutegravir (DTG) tolerability in the real-life setting have recently arisen. We aimed to estimate the risk of treatment discontinuation and virological failure of DTG-based regimens from a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Methods: We performed a multicentre, observational study including all antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced (TE) patients from the Icona (Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals) cohort who started, for the first time, a DTG-based regimen from January 2015 to December 2017. We estimated the cumulative risk of DTG discontinuation regardless of the reason and for toxicity, and of virologica…

Maleadverse eventadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicity; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Dideoxynucleosides; Female; HIV Infections; Heterocyclic Compounds 3-Ring; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Tenofovir; Treatment Outcomeadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicity;HIV InfectionsPiperazinesCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineHeterocyclic CompoundsAbacavirRetrospective StudieMedicineHIV InfectionProspective Studies030212 general & internal medicineProspective cohort studyResearch Articlesadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicityHazard ratioMiddle AgedDideoxynucleosidedolutegravirTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCohortFemalePublic Health0305 other medical scienceHeterocyclic Compounds 3-RingResearch Articlemedicine.drugHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAnti-HIV AgentsPyridonesantiretroviral therapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE3-RingLower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineOxazinescohort studyHumansTenofovirRetrospective Studies030505 public healthbusiness.industryEnvironmental and Occupational HealthPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthAnti-HIV AgenttoxicityRetrospective cohort studyantiretroviral therapy; dolutegravir; cohort study; discontinuation; toxicity; adverse eventsDideoxynucleosidesadverse eventsDiscontinuationProspective Studieadverse events; antiretroviral therapy; cohort study; discontinuation; dolutegravir; toxicity; Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health; Infectious DiseasesCohort Studiebusinessdiscontinuation
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Prevalence of acquired resistance mutations in a large cohort of perinatally infected HIV-1 patients

2019

Maleantiretroviral treatmentInfectious Disease TransmissiongenotypeHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistancemedicine.disease_causeRetrospective StudieGenotypepol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency ViruPrevalenceMedicineVerticalHIV InfectionViralpol Gene ProductsYoung adultGeneral MedicineInfectious DiseasesItalyMutation (genetic algorithm)FemaleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusHumanMicrobiology (medical)AdultSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveAdolescentAnti-HIV AgentsYoung AdultAcquired resistanceDrug Resistance ViralHumansvertical HIV transmissionAdolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Mutation; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Infectious Disease Transmission VerticalRetrospective StudiesHIV perinatally infectionbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentRetrospective cohort studyVirologyInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalLarge cohortpol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusDrug resistanceMutationHIV-1Drug resistance; HIV-1; antiretroviral treatment; genotype; vertical HIV transmissionbusiness
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Subclinical executive function impairment in children with asymptomatic, treated phenylketonuria: A comparison with children with immunodeficiency vi…

2018

In this study we compared the neuropsychological profile of phenylketonuria (PKU) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to examine the specificity of the executive function (EF) impairment reported in these two patologies. A total of 55 age-matched children and adolescents were assessed, including 11 patients with PKU, 16 patients with HIV and 28 healthy controls, underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Although neither the PKU nor the HIV group scored below the normative ranges, both groups showed lower scores in neuropsychological tests engaging EFs than controls. In addition, compared to patients with PKU the HIV group performed significantly worse in the Trail-Making Test A, Corsi S…

Malecongenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalitiesPediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentPhenylketonuriasprefrontal lobeCognitive NeurosciencephenylketonuriaExperimental and Cognitive PsychologyNeuropsychological TestsAsymptomatic050105 experimental psychologyDevelopmental psychologySettore M-PSI/04 - Psicologia Dello Sviluppo E Psicologia Dell'Educazione03 medical and health sciencesExecutive Function0302 clinical medicineArts and Humanities (miscellaneous)PhenylketonuriasmedicineDevelopmental and Educational PsychologyVerbal fluency testHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesNeuropsychological assessmentChildSubclinical infectionSettore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologicamedicine.diagnostic_testWorking memory05 social sciencesNeuropsychologynutritional and metabolic diseasesHIVHIV phenylketonuria executive functions prefrontal lobe.Executive functionsexecutive functionsNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyFemalemedicine.symptomexecutive functions; HIV; phenylketonuria; prefrontal lobe; Adolescent; Child; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Phenylketonurias; Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology; Experimental and Cognitive Psychology; Developmental and Educational Psychology; Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous); Cognitive NeurosciencePsychology030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Chancre of the eyelid as manifestation of primary syphilis, and precocious chorioretinitis and uveitis in an HIV-infected patient: a case report

2012

Abstract Background Ocular syphilis is often difficult to diagnose because of the wide variation in clinical features. HIV co-infection may further complicate the picture. Case presentation Herein the authors report an unusual primary syphilitic ocular lesion in a 45-year-old Italian HIV-infected bisexual man who presented with a unilateral eyelid lesion. Associated precocious signs and symptoms in the posterior segment of both eyes, bilateral chorioretinitis and uveitis, are described. Intravenous penicillin and steroid treatment produced a rapid improvement in clinical status and complete resolution. Conclusions Careful questioning about sexual behavior is crucial for unmasking unusual fe…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyAnti-Inflammatory AgentsPrimary SyphilisHIV InfectionsCase ReportPenicillinsOcular syphilislcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseasesUveitisLesionHiv infectedmedicineHumanslcsh:RC109-216HIV-infectedChancre of the eyelidSettore MED/30 - Malattie Apparato Visivobusiness.industryOcular syphilis HIV-infected Chancre of the eyelid Bilateral chorioretinitis UveitisChorioretinitisEyelidsMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseChancreDermatologyBilateral chorioretinitiseye diseasesSurgeryPosterior segment of eyeballTreatment OutcomeInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureChorioretinitisItalyInjections IntravenousSteroidssense organsEyelidmedicine.symptombusinessUveitisChancreBMC Infectious Diseases
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