Search results for " immune system"
showing 10 items of 893 documents
The potential of antimicrobial peptides isolated from freshwater crayfish species in new drug development: A review
2021
Abstract The much-publicised increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics has focused research effort on the characterization of new antimicrobial drugs. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) extracted from animals are considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, freshwater crayfish species have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds. In fact, these invertebrates rely on an innate immune system based on cellular responses and on the production of important effectors in the haemolymph, such as AMPs, which are produced and stored in granules in haemocytes and released after stimulation. These effectors are …
Modification of the innate immune function of dendritic cells by allergen-specific immunotherapy
2009
FRI0152 Inflammasomes activation occurs in the inflamed tissues of as patients and drives il-23 expression
2018
Background A growing body of evidences indicate that the aberrant activation of innate immune systems, occurring in genetically predisposed patients, drives inflammatory processes in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).1 Objectives Aim of this study was to evaluate the activation and the functional relevance of inflammasome pathways in patients with AS. Methods Intestinal, synovial and bone marrow expression of inflammasome pathways, pyroptosis and IL-1b and IL-18 was evaluated in AS patients. Organic acid extraction was performed on ileal samples as previously described on.2 The expression of the metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A involved in the regulation of the intestinal inflammaso…
Role of neuroinflammation in ethanol neurotoxicity
2019
Abstract Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound whose abuse can cause alterations in brain structure and functions, although these effects are more dramatic while the brain develops. The molecular mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of alcohol are complex and remain largely unknown. Current evidence from human and animal studies supports the role of the neuroimmune system in many actions of ethanol on the central nervous system, including neurotoxicity. Different studies have shown that, by activating innate immune receptors TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and (NOD)-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) in glial cells, alcohol triggers signaling pathways which culminate in the production of pro-inflammatory…
The Genetics of Innate Immunity and Inflammation in Ageing, Age-Related Diseases and Longevity
2008
Inflammation is a key component of age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and genes coding for inflammatory or anti-inflammatory molecules are, therefore, good candidates for influencing the risk of developing these pathologies. Findings discussed in this chapter suggest that different alleles of genes coding for pro-or anti-inflammatory genes may affect individual life-span expectancy by influencing the type and intensity of immune-inflammatory responses against environmental stressors involved in the development of age-related disease. Our immune system has evolved to control pathogens and so pro-inflammatory responses are likely to be evolutionarily pro…
Update of immune events in the murine contact hypersensitivity model: toward the understanding of allergic contact dermatitis.
2013
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin diseases, consisting of sensitization and elicitation phases. With the advancement of technology and the discovery of new types of immune cells, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a murine model of ACD has expanded significantly in the past decade. For example, by introducing regulatory T cells, CD4(+) T-helper 17 cells, and Langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells, the initiation and termination mechanism of CHS has been revealed. In addition, the role of mast cells in CHS, long a matter of debate, has become apparent by developing conditional mast cell-deficient mice. Moreover,…
Network of Cells and Mediators of Innate and Adaptive Cutaneous Immunity
2017
The skin is a major surface organ that translates external signals from the environment into local and systemic immune responses. As such, it is also strongly involved in fighting against cutaneous pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors to the host. By harboring various skin-resident as well as highly motile immune cells and unique molecules, the skin orchestrates resulting immune responses against pathogens. Only an understanding of the complexity of skin immunity will lead to a better assessment of vector-induced alterations of resulting antipathogen immunity.
The Fundamentals of T‐cell Lymphocyte Biology
2021
Human GITR Ligand Is Expressed on Tumor Cells and Reduces Cytokine Production and Cellular Cytotoxicity of NK Cells Identified to Express GITR.
2005
Abstract Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily mediate multiple cellular functions including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Human Glucocorticoid-induced TNF Receptor (GITR) has been shown to be expressed on T cells, is upregulated following activation and mediates costimulatory signals. The human GITR ligand (GITRL) has been reported to be expressed on antigen presenting cells and various healthy nonlymphoid tissues including small intestine, ovary, testis, kidney and endothelial cells. We analyzed multiple tumor cell lines of hematopoietic and epithelial origin as well as of germ cell lineage and various gliomas by RT-PCR and FACS analysis. Both G…
Microgravity-induced alterations in signal transduction in cells of the immune system
2010
Since decades it is known that the activity of cells of the immune system is severely dysregulated in microgravity, however, the underlying molecular aspects have not been elucidated yet. The identification of gravity-sensitive molecular mechanisms in cells of the immune system is an important and indispensable prerequisite for the development of counteractive measures to prevent or treat disturbed immune cell function of astronauts during long-term space missions. Moreover, their sensitivity to altered gravity renders immune cells an ideal model system to understand if and how gravity on Earth is required for normal mammalian cell function and signal transduction. We investigated the effec…