Search results for " immunocompromised"

showing 10 items of 22 documents

Prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B in immunocompromised patients.

2007

The literature on hepatitis B virus (HBV) in immunocompromised patients is heterogeneous and referred mainly to the pre-antivirals era. Today a rational approach to the problem of hepatitis B in these patients provides for: (a) the evaluation of HBV markers and of liver condition in all subjects starting immunosuppressive therapies (baseline), (b) the treatment with antivirals (therapy) of active carriers, (c) the pre-emptive use of antivirals (prophylaxis) in inactive carriers, especially if they are undergoing immunosuppressive therapies judged to be at high risk, (d) the biochemical and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) monitoring (or universal prophylaxis, in case of high risk immunos…

HBsAgmedicine.medical_specialtyHepatitis C virusmedicine.medical_treatmentLiver transplantationTransplantmedicine.disease_causeGastroenterologyAntiviral AgentsImmunocompromised HostAnimals; Antiviral Agents; Carrier State; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Core Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Liver Transplantation; Tissue Donors; TransplantationAntivirals; HBV; Immunosuppression; Transplants;Internal medicineHBVMedicineAnimalsHumansAntiviralHepatitis B virusTransplantationHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybusiness.industryGastroenterologyvirus diseasesHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseHepatitis BHepatitis B Core Antigensdigestive system diseasesTissue DonorsLiver TransplantationTransplantationHBeAgImmunologyCarrier StateHepatitis D virusbusinessImmunosuppression
researchProduct

Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotypes in immunocompetent, immunocompromised, and congenitally infected Italian populations

2003

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains, obtained from immunocompetent and immunocompromised Italian hosts, were typed with glycoprotein B (gB) gene restriction analysis. A predominant circulation of HCMV strains with gB type 2 and 3 was detected in both the immunocompetent host with a primary HCMV infection and the immunocompromised host with or without HCMV disease. No association between gB types and subjects with different risks of developing HCMV disease was found. All four gB genotypes were capable of causing congenital infection in Italian babies, with gB type 1 accounting for 50% of the strains examined in symptomatic infants and a remarkable incidence of gB type 4 viruses.

Human cytomegalovirusSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia Clinicamedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypevirusesRestriction MappingCongenital cytomegalovirus infectionCytomegalovirusHIV Infectionsmedicine.disease_causePolymerase Chain ReactionHerpesviridaeVirusImmunocompromised HostMedical microbiologyViral Envelope ProteinsBetaherpesvirinaeVirologyGenotypemedicineHumansBone Marrow TransplantationbiologyInfant Newbornvirus diseasesGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseKidney TransplantationVirologyHuman cytomegalovirus immunocompromised gB genotypes ItalyCytomegalovirus InfectionsViral diseaseImmunocompetenceArchives of Virology
researchProduct

Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

2018

Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiog…

MaleARDSmodelos logísticosDatabases Factualmedicine.medical_treatment[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]humanoslnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4]Kaplan-Meier EstimateCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineAcute respiratory failureSeverity of Illness IndexCohort Studiesrandomized-trial0302 clinical medicineMechanical ventilationRisk Factorsestudios prospectivosEpidemiology80 and overicuMedicineProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyestudios de cohortesImmunodeficiencymediana edadestadísticasAged 80 and overRespiratory Distress Syndromeancianocritically-ill patientsRespirationresultado del tratamientorespiraciónStatisticslcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aidadultoMiddle Aged3. Good healthfailureIntensive Care UnitsTreatment OutcomeArtificialCohortprospective multicenterImmunocompromised patientsAcute respiratory failure; ARDS; Immunocompromised patients; Mechanical ventilation; Noninvasive ventilation; Critical Care and Intensive Care MedicineFemaleNoninvasive ventilationHumanestimación de Kaplan-MeierAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyLogistic ModelIntensive Care UnitSocio-culturaleunidades de cuidados intensivossurvivalStatistics NonparametricSepsisDatabases03 medical and health sciencesImmunocompromised HostInternal medicineImmunocompromised patientcancerfactores de riesgoHumansNonparametricíndice de gravedad de la enfermedadintensive-care-unitFactualAgedMechanical ventilationbusiness.industryResearchRisk FactorRespiratory Distress Syndrome Adult030208 emergency & critical care medicinelcsh:RC86-88.9medicine.diseaseRespiration ArtificialPneumoniaProspective StudieLogistic Models030228 respiratory systemmalignanciesARDShuésped inmunodeprimidoCohort StudiebusinessAcute respiratory failure; ARDS; Immunocompromised patients; Mechanical ventilation; Noninvasive ventilation; Adult; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases Factual; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Respiration Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome Adult; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics Nonparametric; Treatment Outcome; Immunocompromised Host
researchProduct

Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020

2020

Data on features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children and adolescents are scarce. We report preliminary results of an Italian multicentre study comprising 168 laboratory-confirmed paediatric cases (median: 2.3 years, range: 1 day–17.7 years, 55.9% males), of which 67.9% were hospitalised and 19.6% had comorbidities. Fever was the most common symptom, gastrointestinal manifestations were frequent; two children required intensive care, five had seizures, 49 received experimental treatments and all recovered.

MalePediatricsEpidemiologyProtease InhibitorComorbiditymedicine.disease_causeClinical Laboratory TechniqueSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeDisease OutbreaksFeces0302 clinical medicineSettore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale E SpecialisticaCOVID-19 TestingRetrospective StudiePandemic030212 general & internal medicineViralChildCoronavirusPediatricDisease OutbreakCoinfectionHospitals PediatricSettore MED/38HospitalsDiarrheaTreatment OutcomeSARS-CoV-2 infection; children; covid-19; hydroxychloroquine; pneumonia; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Child; Child Preschool; Chronic Disease; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Coinfection; Comorbidity; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Female; Fever; Hospitals Pediatric; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Infant; Infant Newborn; Italy; Male; Noninvasive Ventilation; Pandemics; Pneumonia Viral; Protease Inhibitors; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Treatment OutcomeItalyChild PreschoolCoinfectionFemalemedicine.symptomCoronavirus InfectionsRapid CommunicationHumanDiarrheamedicine.medical_specialtyCOVID-19; ItalyhydroxychloroquineAdolescentFeverCoronaviruPneumonia ViralAntiviral Agents03 medical and health sciencesBetacoronavirusImmunocompromised Hostchildren030225 pediatricsVirologyIntensive caremedicineHumanspneumoniaProtease InhibitorsPreschoolPandemicsRetrospective StudiesAntiviral Agentchildren; covid-19; hydroxychloroquine; pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Adolescent; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Child; Child Preschool; Chronic Disease; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Coinfection; Comorbidity; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Female; Fever; Hospitals Pediatric; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Infant; Infant Newborn; Italy; Male; Noninvasive Ventilation; Pandemics; Pneumonia Viral; Protease Inhibitors; Retrospective Studies; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Treatment OutcomeNoninvasive VentilationBetacoronaviruPandemicbusiness.industryClinical Laboratory TechniquesCoronavirus InfectionSARS-CoV-2pneumonia.SARS-CoV-2 infectionPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthInfant NewbornCOVID-19InfantRetrospective cohort studymedicine.diseaseNewbornComorbidityCoronavirusPneumoniaChronic DiseaseFecebusiness
researchProduct

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with CKD or Immunosuppression

2021

Infections are a major concern in children on KRT and with CKD. Risk factors include immunosuppression, multiple contacts in dialysis units, and hospital visits ([1][1]). Italy was one of the countries most affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak ([2][2

Malemedicine.medical_specialty2019-20 coronavirus outbreakAdolescentCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)EpidemiologySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)medicine.medical_treatmentglomerular disease030232 urology & nephrologyComorbidity030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineRisk Assessmentchronic kidney disease; COVID-19; immunosuppression; kidney transplantation; glomerular disease; childrenImmunocompromised Host03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinechildrenRenal DialysisRisk FactorsInternal medicinePandemicHumansMedicineRenal Insufficiency ChronicChildCOVID-19; children; chronic kidney disease; glomerular disease; immunosuppression; kidney transplantation; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child Preschool; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Infant; Italy; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency Chronic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; COVID-19; Immunocompromised HostKidney transplantationTransplantationimmunosuppressionbusiness.industryAge FactorsCOVID-19InfantOutbreakImmunosuppressionmedicine.diseaseKidney TransplantationResearch LettersItalyNephrologyChild PreschoolDialysis unitFemalebusinesschronic kidney diseaseClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
researchProduct

Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompromised Patients: a 3-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study

2015

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients (ICPs). The definitive diagnosis relies on parasite DNA detection, but little is known about the incidence and burden of disease in HIV-negative patients. A 3-year retrospective study was conducted in 15 reference laboratories from the network of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis, in order to record the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii DNA detection in ICPs and to review the molecular methods used for diagnosis and the prevention measures implemented in transplant patients. During the study period, of 31,640 PCRs performed on samples from ICPs, 610 were positive (323 patients). Blood ( n …

Microbiology (medical)Microbiological Techniquesmedicine.medical_specialtyMESH: Molecular Diagnostic TechniquesAsymptomaticPolymerase Chain Reactionlaw.inventionImmunocompromised Host[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseaseslawInternal medicinemedicineMESH: Immunocompromised HostPrevalenceHumansComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSPolymerase chain reactionImmunodeficiencySurvival analysisMESH: PrevalenceRetrospective Studies[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/HealthMESH: Humansbusiness.industryIncidence (epidemiology)MESH: ToxoplasmaMESH: Microbiological TechniquesRetrospective cohort studyMESH: Polymerase Chain ReactionMESH: Retrospective Studiesmedicine.diseaseSurvival AnalysisToxoplasmosis3. Good healthSurgeryMESH: France[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and ParasitologyMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesMESH: Survival AnalysisChemoprophylaxisMESH: ToxoplasmosisParasitologyFrancemedicine.symptombusinessToxoplasmaToxoplasmosis
researchProduct

Visceral leishmaniasis: host-parasite interactions and clinical presentation in the immunocompetent and in the immunocompromised host.

2013

SummaryVisceral leishmaniases are vector-borne parasitic diseases caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of the disease reflect the complex interplay between the infecting Leishmania species and the genetic and immunologic characteristics of the infected host. The clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis depends strictly on the immunocompetency of the host and ranges from asymptomatic to severe forms. Conditions of depression of the immune system, such as HIV infection or immunosuppressive treatments, impair the capability of the immune response to resolve the infection and allow reactivat…

Microbiology (medical)Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia ClinicaLeishmaniasiSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveDiseaseDisease VectorsHost-Parasite InteractionsImmunocompromised HostImmune systemparasitic diseasesmedicineAnimalsHumansLeishmaniasisTransplantationbiologyHost (biology)Asymptomatic infectionHIVLeishmaniasisGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologyTransplantationLeishmaniasis; Vector; Transplantation; HIV; Asymptomatic infection; Immunocompetent host; Immunocompromised hostInfectious DiseasesVisceral leishmaniasisVector (epidemiology)ImmunologyProtozoaLeishmaniasis VisceralVectorImmunocompetent hostLeishmania donovaniInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
researchProduct

Seasonal Human Coronavirus Respiratory Tract Infection in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2021

Abstract Background Little is known about characteristics of seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) (NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods This was a collaborative Spanish and European bone marrow transplantation retrospective multicenter study, which included allo-HSCT recipients (adults and children) with upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and/or lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) caused by seasonal HCoV diagnosed through multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays from January 2012 to January 2019. Results We included 402 allo-HSCT recipients who developed 449 HCoV URTD/LRTD episodes. Median age of recipients was 46 years (range,…

PNEUMONIAMalevirusesmedicine.medical_treatmentseasonal human coronavirusHematopoietic stem cell transplantationmedicine.disease_causeDISEASElaw.inventionCoronavirus OC43 HumanCLINICAL CHARACTERISTICSlawCoronavirus 229E HumanRisk FactorsImmunology and AllergyChildRespiratory Tract InfectionsNL63 INFECTIONSCoronavirusOUTCOMESRespiratory tract infectionsSYNCYTIAL VIRUSHazard ratioHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantationvirus diseasesupper and lower respiratory tract diseaseHCoV-NL63HCoV-229Erespiratory systemMiddle AgedIntensive care unitHospitalizationimmunocompromisedsurgical procedures operativeInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureAcademicSubjects/MED00290Child PreschoolCohortFemaleSeasonsCoronavirus InfectionsRare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; community-acquired respiratory virus; HCoV-229E; HCoV-HKU1; HCoV-NL63; HCoV-OC43; immunocompromised; immunodeficiency score index; multiplex PCR assay; seasonal human coronavirus; upper and lower respiratory tract diseaseAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyHCoV-OC43AdolescentDIAGNOSISCHINAHCoV-HKU1BetacoronavirusAll institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Centerstomatognathic systemInternal medicinemedicineMajor ArticleRHINOVIRUSHumansallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationAgedRetrospective Studiescommunity-acquired respiratory virusbusiness.industryInfantmultiplex PCR assayTransplantationCoronavirus NL63 HumanPARAINFLUENZA VIRUSbusinessimmunodeficiency score indexRespiratory tract
researchProduct

High flow nasal therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2019

Abstract Purpose The role of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) as compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in immunocompromised patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure (ARF) remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to address this issue. Methods We searched PubMed, Medline and Embase until November 7th, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized prospective and retrospective evidence were selected. Observational studies were considered for sensitivity analysis. Primary outcome was mortality rate; intubation rate was a secondary outcome. Results We included four studies in the primary analysis: one RCT…

medicine.medical_specialtyCritical CareAcute respiratory failure High flow nasal cannula High flow nasal therapy Immunocompromised patients Mechanical ventilation Noninvasive ventilation Oxygen therapy Cannula Humans Immunocompromised Host Intubation Intratracheal Noninvasive Ventilation Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Respiratory Distress Syndrome Adult Critical Caremedicine.medical_treatmentAcute respiratory failureCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicinelaw.inventionImmunocompromised Host03 medical and health sciencesMechanical ventilation0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled triallawInternal medicineOxygen therapyIntubation IntratrachealImmunocompromised patientmedicineCannulaHumansIntubationHigh flow nasal therapyRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRespiratory Distress Syndromebusiness.industryMortality rateOxygen Inhalation Therapy030208 emergency & critical care medicineRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratioOxygen therapyIntensive care unitHigh flow nasal cannula030228 respiratory systemMeta-analysisbusinessNoninvasive ventilation
researchProduct

How to manage aspergillosis in non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients.

2014

Invasive aspergillosis has been mainly reported among immunocompromised patients during prolonged periods of neutropenia. Recently, however, non-neutropenic patients in the ICU population have shown an increasing risk profile for aspergillosis. Associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and corticosteroid therapy have been frequently documented in this cohort. Difficulties in achieving a timely diagnosis of aspergillosis in non-neutropenic patients is related to the non-specificity of symptoms and to lower yields with microbiological tests compared to neutropenic patients. Since high mortality rates are typical of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients, a high level …

medicine.medical_specialtyPediatricsChronic ObstructiveAntifungal AgentsCritical IllnessPopulationPulmonary diseaseSettore MED/41 - AnestesiologiaReviewNeutropeniaOpportunistic InfectionsAspergillosisCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineCommunicable DiseasesCommunicable Diseases Emerginglaw.inventionPulmonary DiseaseImmunocompromised HostPulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveAspergillosis non-neutropenic ICUlawAdrenal Cortex HormonesRisk FactorsEpidemiologymedicinenon-neutropenicPrevalenceAspergillosisHumansIntensive care medicineeducationEmergingeducation.field_of_studybusiness.industryIncidence (epidemiology)Medicine (all)IncidenceAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Communicable Diseases Emerging; Critical Illness; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Opportunistic Infections; Prevalence; Prognosis; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Risk Factors; Immunocompromised Host; Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicinemedicine.diseasePrognosisIntensive care unitAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Communicable Diseases Emerging; Critical Illness; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Opportunistic Infections; Prevalence; Prognosis; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Risk Factors; Immunocompromised HostIntensive Care UnitsCohortICUAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Communicable Diseases Emerging; Critical Illness; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units; Opportunistic Infections; Prevalence; Prognosis; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Risk Factors; Immunocompromised Host; Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine; Medicine (all)businesssepsis aspergillosis icu managementCritical care (London, England)
researchProduct