Search results for " injury"

Regeneration After CNS Lesion: Help from the Immune System?

2010

Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is followed by an inflammatory response, which is characterized by at least two very distinct phases: First, a short highly controlled burst of acute inflammatory defense and second, a long-term remodeling phase. Similarly, at least one or two phases of T-cell infiltration have been described in CNS trauma models suggesting differential functions of T cells in the acute and remodeling phase. Thus, the role of T cells in CNS trauma is still controversial. Interestingly, vaccine strategies and injections of autoimmune T cells led to both exacerbation of CNS damage after trauma in some models and improvement in others. Here, we suggest that …

ESRA19-0618 Vulnerability of different nerves to intrafascicular injection with different needle bevel types and needle angles: a mathematical model

2019

Background and aims Intrafascicular injection of a local anesthetic, its toxicity, and direct needle trauma to nerve tissue are generally considered the primary reasons for nerve injury after intraneural injection. We hypothesize that the only way that the local anesthetic can enter the fascicle is if at least 80% of the distal needle orifice is inside the fascicle. the aim of this study was to calculate the theoretical vulnerability of nerve fascicles given their actual sizes and that of different needle openings. Methods We superimposed microscopic images of two routinely used nerve block needles (a 22-G, 15 ‘StimuplexOD’ needleand a 22-G, 30 ‘StimuplexOUltra 360O’ needle) over microscopi…

Neue Erkenntnisse zur Ätiologie der sogenannten Strahlenkaries

1997

Fragestellung Die Atiologie der Strahlenkaries wird trotz vieler Untersuchungen kontrovers diskutiert: Die These einer direkten radiogenen Lasion des Zahnhartgewebes steht der einer indirekten Pathogenese uber die Radioxerostomie gegenuber.

Sepsis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation: literature review and consensus

2015

Abstract: The reporting of infection/sepsis in chemo/radiation-treated head and neck cancer patients is sparse and the problem is underestimated. A multidisciplinary group of head and neck cancer specialists from Italy met with the aim of reaching a consensus on a clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis. The Delphi appropriateness method was used for this consensus. External expert reviewers then evaluated the conclusions carefully according to their area of expertise. The paper contains seven clusters of statements about the clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis in head and neck cancer patients, which had a consensus. Furthermore, it offers a revie…

Eliciting callus culture for production of hepatoprotective flavonoids and phenolics from Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don Endl)

2020

The aim of our study is to estimate the hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Sequoia sempervirens by determination of liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, total bilirubin and albumin in serum) and by histopathological examinations using thioacetamide-induced (TAA) liver injury model. Concurrent administration of ethanolic extracts of S. sempervirens leaves improved the alterations in liver morphology where it was a potent protector of the liver. The potential of L-phenylalanine and silver nitrate as chemical elicitors as well as UV radiation as a physical elicitor on flavonoid production in callus culture of S. sempervirens were emphasized. Murashige and Skoog’s medium …

Identification and role of inflammatory oxygen free radicals in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury

2003

Prolonged myocardial ischemia results in a variety of severe cellular, metabolic and ultra-structural damages. It is therefore generally accepted that reperfusion is an absolute prerequisite for the survival of ischemic tissue. However, reperfusion may precipitate arrhythmias, cause myocardial stunning and accelerate necrotic process. Oxygen free radicals have been suggested as possible mediators of reperfusioninduced injury and there is circumstantial evidence that supports this hypothesis. Indirect evidence in support of this concept derives from studies in which antioxidant enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, free radical scavengers and iron chelators are able to protect against reperfusion inju…

Beeinflussung des Leberzellmetabolismus, der Freisetzung von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies sowie Apoptoseaktivierung durch hypotherme oxygenierte Leber…

2003

Two different methods of liver preservation were compared : simple cold storage (CS) and hypothermic oxygenated perfusion extracorporal (HOPE). After 10 h of preservation (4°C) with modified UW solution reperfusion was performed by isolated liver perfusion for 90 minutes. Reperfusion injury was estimated by release of cytosolic enzymes, formation of superoxide anions, determination of lipid peroxidation, glycolytic metabolites, bileflow and by PCR analysis. The results showed that after cold storage the formation of reactive oxygen species was significant higher as compared with perfused livers. Correspondingly expressions of mediators (TNFα, NF kappa B, MIP-2, SAPK) and apoptosis (Caspase …

2013

Re-canalization of cerebral vessels in ischemic stroke is pivotal to rescue dysfunctional brain areas that are exposed to moderate hypoxia within the penumbra from irreversible cell death. Goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of moderate hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (MHR) on the evolution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in brain endothelial cells (BEC). BBB integrity was assessed in BEC in vitro and in microvessels of the guinea pig whole brain in situ preparation. Probes were exposed to MHR (2 hours 67-70 mmHg O2, 3 hours reoxygenation, BEC) or towards occlusion of the arteria cerebri media (MCAO) with or without subsequent repe…

Predicting pool safety habits and intentions of Australian parents and carers for their young children

2019

Introduction Children under five years are most at risk of experiencing fatal and nonfatal drowning. The highest proportion of drowning incidents occur in private swimming pools. Lapses in adult supervision and failures in pool barriers are leading contributory factors for pool drowning in this age group. Methods We investigated the role of the theory of planned behavior social cognitions (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) as well as perceived barriers, planning, role construction, and anticipated regret on parents’ and carers’ intentions and habits toward two pool safety behaviors: restricting access and supervising children around private swimming pools. The stu…

The systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in pediatric burned patients – a pilot study

2023

Introduction: The aim was to assess the usefulness of blood analytical markers such as systemic immuneinflammation index (SII) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in pediatric burned patients. Material and methods: The study group included 73 children (23 girls and 50 boys; mean age: 3.83; SD: 4.77; min–max: 0–17 years old) hospitalized due to burns. A retrospective analysis of selected complete blood cell count parameters (leucocytes; platelets – PLT; SII; NLR) collected on the day of injury and selected parameters of burns (extent, depth of the injury, duration of hospitalization, type of treatment) was performed. Results: Children with burns that exceeded 10% total body surface area ha…