Search results for " justice"
showing 10 items of 1145 documents
Violences parlementaires en perspective (1850-1900-1950-2000)
2010
Perspectives on Parliamentary Violence (1850-1900-1950-2000).Quelle est la place de la violence dans l’economie generale des seances d’assemblee au Palais-Bourbon ? L’examen compare des sessions de 1850, 1900, 1950 et 2000, qui ponctuent a un demi-siecle d’intervalle les histoires respectives des IIe, IIIe, IVe et Ve Republiques, permet de clarifier a la lumiere des sources (Moniteur universel puis Journal officiel, mais aussi d’autres titres de la presse francaise, des ecrits de parlementaires, des archives audiovisuelles pour la periode la plus recente) ce qu’etait alors la violence, comment elle etait percue, ou se situaient les limites du phenomene. Il s’agit par la d’emettre des hypoth…
Calvin et la politique du martyre
2008
Dans les années 1550, Calvin doit réagir face aux persécutions qu’endurent ses coreligionnaires français. Doit-il inviter les fidèles à se soumettre, quitte à ce qu’ils dissimulent leur foi, au nom de l’obéissance à l’autorité civile ou au contraire à se rebeller en vertu de la souveraineté exclusive du Seigneur ? Il tranche par la valorisation du martyre, très présent dans sa correspondance privée et publique. Le martyre s’avère, en effet, un outil spirituel pour contrôler les communautés naissantes et un outil politique pour instiller la subversion dans une stratégie demeurant légaliste à l’égard de Henri II. Cette «prudence» excède ainsi la résistance passive par la célébration des héro…
Entre administration et mémoire du crime : constitution et usages du registre du Papier Rouge de la mairie de Dijon à la fin du Moyen Âge
2021
Le registre du Papier Rouge contient plus de 400 sentences criminelles prononcees aux xive et xve siecles par la mairie de Dijon, qui dispose des droits de haute justice sur le territoire urbain et sa proche banlieue en vertu de la charte de franchise accordee aux habitants par le duc Hugues III en 1183. Bien connu des historiens pour ses informations relatives a la criminalite reprimee dans la ville et a la diversite des qualites sociales des condamnes, il doit egalement etre replace dans le contexte de production de l’ecrit dans la ville a la fin du Moyen Âge, et du contexte politique dijonnais en particulier. Si la creation du Papier Rouge participe de l’essor administratif qui caracteri…
Mind the Gap: The Big House in Cinematic Representations of the Anglo-Irish War
2018
It goes without saying that the Big House was intended to be a symbol: as more than one critic has remarked, these houses really were only “big” in comparison to the poverty of the lesser structures that surrounded them. They were to be a bastion for British and Anglo-Irish culture and a center for social and administrative interactions. In this sense, they straddled the gap between the towns of Dublin and London, whence their power came, and the villages to whom they administered: it is no coincidence that these garrisons of British power bore the brunt of Republican anger during the Troubles of 1919-1921. Examining two of the rare films to focus on the War of Independence from the perspec…
Normative Imperatives and Communal Influences : The Consistory's Role in Proposing Lutheran Clergy in the 18th-Century Russian Border Area
2017
Merit was strongly emphasized in the Privileges of the Clergy (in 1723) and legislative reforms, as well as in the formalization of election practices in connection with clerical appointments in the Kingdom of Sweden in the early 18th century. According to existing research, this resulted in a deepening difference between the standpoints of the laity and the ecclesiastical authorities. However, in studying the appointments of clergy in the Lutheran parishes in Russia’s western border area in the mid- and late 18th century, this article argues that the boundary between the opinions of the diocesan board (in this case the Consistory of Fredrikshamn) and those of the parishioners with regard t…
The barratry of the shipmaster in early modern law: polysemy and mos Italicus
2019
Summary ‘Barratry’ is a polysemic term: it means deceit, bribe, simony, and fraud of the shipmaster. This article seeks to trace the origins of the word and to explore its different meanings, focusing especially on the influence that older meanings had on the development of more recent ones. This operation is of particular importance to understand the meaning of barratry that would appear for last – that of fraud of the shipmaster. By the time civil lawyers started dealing with maritime barratry, they were already well familiar with the other meanings of the term. This probably favoured the adaptation process, but it also left a deep mark on its outcome: the weight of those other meanings o…
The Barratry of the Shipmaster in Early Modern Law: The Approach of Italian and English Law Courts
2019
Summary For a long time, the concept of barratry (at least in its maritime meaning) was one and the same on both sides of the Channel. The barratry of the shipmaster was part of the mercantile usages, and it identified the intentionally blameworthy conduct of the master. When law courts began to decide on insurance litigation they were confronted with a notion quite alien to them. Broadly speaking, the shipmaster’s barratry could well be considered a fraud of sort. But in order to decide on its occurrence in a specific case, law courts had to analyse it in legal terms, and so according to the specific legal categories of their own system. The point ceases to be trivially obvious if we think…
Intervenir à titre privé dans la diplomatie de sa cité : l'exemple de la paix de Nicias chez Thucydide
2013
Act on private basis in diplomacy of one’s own city. The example of Nicias’ peace in Thucydides. During the diplomatic exchanges related at the beginning of the fifth book, Thucydides shows two explicit private interventions using words connected with idia. First, two ephores, Cleoboulos and Xenares, make private propositions. Then, an Athenian, Alcibiades sends a private messenger. Whereas these two actions are unique in the fifth book, because Thucydides’ vocabulary is specific, some other citizens express opinions different from the majority decisions. Some of them act against the policy of their City. Self-interest may incite some citizens to participate in civic action, and the private…
Time cycles of homicide in the early modern Nordic area
2020
An extensive body of criminological research has shown that criminaland violent behaviour manifests time patterns in terms of daily,weekly and annual cycles. This is consistent with criminologicalroutine activities theory. Can we generalize these patterns to historicalperiods? In this article, we draw on a recently created uniquedataset, covering the years 1608–1699 in three Nordic regions, toexplore time cycles of offending in the early modern period.Examining daily, weekly and annual cycles, we find that lethalviolence manifested strong time patterns in the early modernperiod. The role of public holidays was central especially in theperiod lasting from Christmas to Midsummer. Probing the …
O conceito de imagem-presença na arte da idade média
2011
Este artigo propõe situar as principais correntes de leitura da imagem na arte medieval e sublinha a aparição de uma matriz original de pensamento, o pensamento pela arte, entre 1950 e 2000. No centro dessa nova épistémé, afirmou-se o conceito de imagem-presença, discutido a partir de três exemplos de entre o ano mil e c., 1450 e de um diálogo interdisciplinar com a antropologia social e a filosofia das ciências. This article aims to contextualize the main currents in the interpretation of medieval images, underlining to appearance of an original matrix of thought, thinking through art, between 1950 and 2000. At the heart of the new épistémè, the concept of image-presence is put forward and…